07/07/2023
Type 1 diabetes and emergency signs
Type 1 diabetes (also called type 1 diabetes) is a disease in which the body's immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by destruction of pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin deficiency. Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5-10% of all diabetes cases in the United States.Canada and Europe (while type 2 diabetes accounts for more than 90%).
Age at onset of type 1 diabetes with a peak at 4-6 years of age and a second in puberty (10-14 years). Overall, about 45% of children develop the disease before the age of 10.
Type 1 diabetes is a medical condition that occurs when the pancreas does not produce or produces very little insulin, leading to a severe deficiency of endogenous insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps carry glucose in the blood into the cells of the body to generate energy for the cells to function.
Without insulin, blood glucose cannot enter the cells and gradually accumulates in the blood leading to hyperglycemia, while the cells are "energy hungry" because they cannot receive glucose. Prolonged high blood sugar is harmful to the body and causes many of the symptoms and complications of diabetes.Risk factors for type 1 diabetes
According to research, type 1 diabetes accounts for only about 5% of all cases, but it affects both men and women equally. Patients with a higher risk of type 1 diabetes are those whose parents or siblings have type 1 diabetes. Caucasian people, people under 20 years old, etc. have a higher risk of developing type 1 diabetes.
Thus, it can be understood that the cause of type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune mechanism (also known as type 1A) accounting for 95% of cases and 5% of unknown causes (called type 1B). In type 1A, because the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the cells responsible for insulin production in the pancreas, the patient must depend on an external source of insulin.Some risk factors such as infection with Coxsackie virus, Rubella, Cytomegalo... or early exposure to cow's milk are also related to the onset of the disease. Certain antibodies to pancreatic beta cells can also be found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes.
Manifestations of type 1 diabetes
The symptoms of type 1 diabetes can be short-lived, ranging from a few weeks to a few months. Symptoms can be:The patient urinates a lot.
Thirsty a lot
Drink lots of water
Weight loss/Feeling hungry quickly (especially after eating
In addition, people with type 1 diabetes are always tired, have blurred vision, often have skin, urinary tract or vaginal infections.
Signs of an emergency with type 1 diabetes are:
The patient has chills
Confusion expression
There are signs of rapid breathing, the breath has a smell of ripe fruit,
stomach ache patient,
Loss of consciousness (rare)…
Because these are more serious warning signs that can put patients at risk to health, they need to immediately go to a medical facility for care and treatment.If there are signs of hypoglycemia, give the patient sugar water or 1 cup of fat-free milk. If not, then let the patient drink 1/3 of a can of soft drink… then let the patient go to the hospital soon to be examined, assess the risk of complications and offer treatment.
Treatment of type 1 diabetes
Insulin therapy is the mainstay of treatment for type 1 diabetes. The goal of therapy is to replace the missing hormone and achieve a target glycemic index.
The goal of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes is a daily blood glucose level used to monitor blood glucose and adjust management in both children and adults, in order to maintain near-normal glucose control. as often as possible. That means balancing the long-term risks of diabetes and hypoglycemia.In children and adolescents:
+ HbA1c < 7% for most children and adolescents
Target blood glucose levels are around 80-130 mg/dl before meals, and 80-140 mg/dl at bedtime and overnight.
A less stringent goal of HbA1c < 7.5% may be appropriate for younger patients and those with underlying medical conditions that limit the ability to detect symptoms of hypoglycemia, those with non-hypoglycemia. aware, those without a glucose monitor... The goal is even less stringent than HbA1c < 8% for patients with a history of severe hypoglycaemia or multiple episodes of hypoglycemic coma.In contrast, an A1c goal of < 6.5% is recommended by the ADA if achievable without hypoglycemia or undue burden of care.
In adults:
For adults, A1c < 7% best balances the risks of long-term complications and hypoglycemia.
Bottom Line: Type 1 diabetes is not preventable, and it's not even possible to know who will or won't get it. Some of the key issues in the treatment of type 1 diabetes are:
Patients need to be treated with insulin, therefore, it is necessary to follow the instructions of the doctors, do not voluntarily give up insulin injections and do not search for treatment methods without consulting an endocrinologist - diabetes specialist. road.According to the American Diabetes Association, people with type 1 diabetes should have their blood sugar tested regularly, at least three times a day, to meet treatment goals.
About the patient's diet to note: A healthy diet, full of starch (carbohydrate) is necessary with the amount of insulin injected into the body. People with type 1 diabetes also need exercise because exercise and movement are components of a healthy lifestyle.
Need appropriate exercise, always drink enough water, especially on hot days. Follow the schedule for regular check-ups and report any unusual symptoms to your doctor.
