14/10/2022
General characteristics of human abilities.
Abilities are personal formations that include certain
structured knowledge and skills of a person, formed on the basis of his innate
inclinations and, as a whole, determining its capabilities in the successful mastery of certain
activities (labor, educational, creative). Abilities can be characterized by their
manifestation.
Ability level depends on three factors:
1. on the quality of individual elements of knowledge and skills that an individual has
(true-false, solid-non-solid), from their combination into a single whole, from quality
structure of this whole. In some cases, the whole may resemble well
an organized library, in the other - a warehouse of book waste;
2. from the natural inclinations of a person, from the quality of those primary nervous mechanisms
elementary mental activity with which a child is born;
3. from more or less training of the brain cells themselves involved in
implementation of cognitive and psychomotor processes.
It is now fairly generally accepted that abilities are either personality traits or
structures of these properties that determine the possibility of a person more or less qualitatively
perform certain activities and improve in it. B. Teplov "ability
they do not name any individual characteristics in general, but only those that have
relation to the success of any activity.
Lucien Sav defines abilities as a set of "actual potentialities"
congenital or acquired, giving the ability to perform any act whatsoever, on
whatever level. In this sense, the term acquires an immeasurably broader meaning.
application than in its normal use. He points out that the most important
the progressive function of personality is the development of abilities.
