𝗧đ—ĸ𝗙𝗔đ—Ŧ𝗘𝗟 - đ—Ļ𝗘đ—ĸ 𝗘đ—Ģđ—Ŗđ—˜đ—Ĩ𝗧

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𝗧đ—ĸ𝗙𝗔đ—Ŧ𝗘𝗟 - đ—Ļ𝗘đ—ĸ 𝗘đ—Ģđ—Ŗđ—˜đ—Ĩ𝗧 âœŗī¸Digital Adverts Specialistsâœŗī¸
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āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ Win + R āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ!āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻž...
03/08/2025

āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻ“ āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜāϕ⧇ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ Win + R āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ!

āϝāĻžāϰāĻž āύāĻŋ⧟āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āϰāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻ•āĻžāĻĄā§‡āĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ, āϤāĻžāρāĻĻ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ Windows-āĻāϰ Win + R (Run command) āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻĢāĻŋāϚāĻžāϰāĨ¤ āĻāχ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϖ⧁āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āϟ⧁āϞ, āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻž āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§ŸāĨ¤ āĻāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŦāĻžāρāĻšā§‡, āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžā§œā§‡ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ—āĻŦ⧇āώāĻŖāĻž āĻŦāĻž āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϞ⧇āĻ–āĻŋāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āφāϰāĻ“ āϏāĻšāϜ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻŋāϛ⧁ Run āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϤāĻžāϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻž āϤ⧁āϞ⧇ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšāϞ⧋ —

📂 āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻ“ āχāωāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ
explorer – āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏāĻĒā§āϞ⧋āϰāĻžāϰ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇
%userprofile% – āχāωāϜāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇
%appdata% – āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§āϞāĻŋāϕ⧇āĻļāύ⧇āϰ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ – āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āχāωāϜāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‹āĻŽ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ. – Root āχāωāϜāĻžāϰ āϞāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϟ
recent – āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻ–ā§‹āϞāĻž āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻ“ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ

📚 āχāωāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻŋ āϟ⧁āϞ
notepad – āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāϟ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āύ⧋āϟāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻĄ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇
write – āϏāĻžāϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ WordPad āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇
mspaint / pbrush – āĻ›āĻŦāĻŋ āφāρāĻ•āĻž āĻŦāĻž āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ Paint āĻ“āĻĒ⧇āύ āĻ•āϰ⧇
calc – āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϞāϕ⧁āϞ⧇āϟāϰ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇
snippingtool – āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāύāĻļāϟ āύ⧇āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āϟ⧁āϞ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇
osk – āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻžā§Ÿ āĻ­āĻŋāĻœā§āϝ⧁⧟āĻžāϞ āϕ⧀āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇

🔧 āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻšā§‡āĻ• āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻĢāĻŋāϕ⧇āĻļāύ
dxdiag – āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ, āϏāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ“ RAM āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ
msinfo32 – āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ
winver – āωāχāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‹āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāĻ°ā§āϏāύ āĻ“ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āύāĻžāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϰ
cmd – Command Prompt āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇
powershell – PowerShell āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϞ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇

🧹 āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāύāφāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻĢāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏ āĻŦ⧁āĻ¸ā§āϟ
cleanmgr – āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ• āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻŽā§āϛ⧇
%temp% / temp – āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§āĻĒā§‹āϰāĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻĢā§‹āĻ˛ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇ temporary āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻĄāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇
prefetch – āĻĒ⧁āϰ⧋āύ⧋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ āϞ⧋āĻĄ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻ•āϰ⧇
msconfig – āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāφāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻŦ⧁āϟ āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ
scandisk – āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϖ⧁āρāĻœā§‡ āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇
defrag – āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­ Defragment āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻĄ āĻŦāĻžā§œāĻžā§Ÿ

âš™ī¸ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āĻ“ āχāωāϟāĻŋāϞāĻŋāϟāĻŋ
control – āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāϏāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧋āϞ āĻĒā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇ āϏāĻŦ āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āĻāĻ• āϜāĻžā§ŸāĻ—āĻžā§Ÿ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžā§Ÿ
appwiz.cpl – āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āφāύāχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāϞ āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ
services.msc – āĻĒāĻŋāϏāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻž āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāϏāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ/āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻĒ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϜ
taskmgr – Task Manager āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇
regedit – āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϰ⧇āϜāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϟ⧁āϞ
sysedit – āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ⧇āĻļāύ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻāĻĄāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĻā§‡ā§Ÿ
cliconfg – SQL Server/ODBC āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϟ⧁āϞ
mobsync – āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦ āĻ•āύāĻŸā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻ…āĻĢāϞāĻžāχāύ⧇ āϏāĻŋāĻ™ā§āĻ• āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ
sfc – āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰāĻ¸ā§āϤ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻšā§Ÿ
hwinfo /ui – HWiNFO āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžā§Ÿ

🌐 āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ“ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ
ncpa. cpl – āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āĻžāύ⧇āĻ•āĻļāύ (Wi-Fi/LAN) āϏ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚āϏ āϖ⧁āϞ⧇
inetcpl. cpl – āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ āĻ“ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āĻ…āĻĒāĻļāύ āĻ•āύāĻĢāĻŋāĻ—āĻžāϰ
ping google. com – āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ āĻŋāĻ• āφāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻž āϤāĻž āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ āĻ•āϰ⧇
ftp – FTP āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āφāĻĒāϞ⧋āĻĄ/āĻĄāĻžāωāύāϞ⧋āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϞāĻžāχāύ āϟ⧁āϞ
chrome – Google Chrome āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ (āχāύāĻ¸ā§āϟāϞ āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇)

𝗧đ—ĸ𝗙𝗔đ—Ŧ𝗘𝗟 - đ—Ļ𝗘đ—ĸ 𝗘đ—Ģđ—Ŗđ—˜đ—Ĩ𝗧

✅Excel-āĻāϰ ā§Ģā§ĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ  āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āϞāĻž (āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž)📊 āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ-āύāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āϏāĻšāϜ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢ⧇āĻļāύāĻžāϞ āϞ⧇āϭ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ Excel!✅ 1. =VL...
03/08/2025

✅Excel-āĻāϰ ā§Ģā§ĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϜāĻ¨ā§€ā§Ÿ āĻĢāĻ°ā§āĻŽā§āϞāĻž (āϏāĻ‚āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāĻĒā§āϤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ–ā§āϝāĻž)

📊 āĻšāĻŋāϏāĻžāĻŦ-āύāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻšā§‹āĻ• āϏāĻšāϜ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻĢ⧇āĻļāύāĻžāϞ āϞ⧇āϭ⧇āϞ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ Excel!

✅ 1. =VLOOKUP(101, A2:C10, 2, FALSE)
👉 āφāχāĻĄāĻŋ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻ–ā§‹āρāϜāĻž (āύāĻžāĻŽ/āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϏ)

✅ 2. =IF(B2>33, "Pass", "Fail")
👉 āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻžāύ⧋

✅ 3. =SUM(B2:B10)
👉 āĻŽā§‹āϟ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻĢāϞ

✅ 4. =AVERAGE(C2:C6)
👉 āĻ—ā§œ āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 5. =IFERROR(A1/B1, "Invalid")
👉 āϭ⧁āϞ āĻšāϞ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 6. =COUNT(A1:A10)
👉 āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻž

✅ 7. =COUNTA(A1:A10)
👉 āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āϏāĻŦ āϗ⧁āύ⧇

✅ 8. =LEFT(A2, 4)
👉 āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ

✅ 9. =RIGHT(A2, 3)
👉 āĻļ⧇āώ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ

✅ 10. =LEN(A1)
👉 āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž

✅ 11. =NOW()
👉 āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ– āĻ“ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ

✅ 12. =TODAY()
👉 āφāϜāϕ⧇āϰ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ–

✅ 13. =PROPER(A1)
👉 āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ Capital

✅ 14. =UPPER(A1)
👉 āϏāĻŦ Capital

✅ 15. =LOWER(A1)
👉 āϏāĻŦ Small letter

✅ 16. =TRIM(A1)
👉 āĻŦāĻžā§œāϤāĻŋ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āϏ āĻ•āĻžāϟāĻž

✅ 17. =CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
👉 āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāϟ āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻž

✅ 18. =TEXT(A1, "dd-mm-yyyy")
👉 āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ– āĻĢāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāϟ

✅ 19. =INT(A1)
👉 āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž

✅ 20. =ROUND(A1, 2)
👉 āĻĻāĻļāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϏāĻš āϰāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ

✅ 21. =ROUNDUP(A1, 0)
👉 āωāĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ

✅ 22. =ROUNDDOWN(A1, 0)
👉 āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āϰāĻžāωāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ

✅ 23. =MOD(A1, 3)
👉 āĻ­āĻžāĻ—āĻļ⧇āώ

✅ 24. =ABS(A1)
👉 āϧāύāĻžāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 25. =MAX(B2:B10)
👉 āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦā§‹āĻšā§āϚ āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 26. =MIN(B2:B10)
👉 āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāύāĻŋāĻŽā§āύ āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 27. =RANDBETWEEN(1, 100)
👉 āĻ°â€Œā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž

✅ 28. =ISNUMBER(A1)
👉 āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ•

✅ 29. =ISBLANK(A1)
👉 āĻ–āĻžāϞāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻž āĻšā§‡āĻ•

✅ 30. =SEARCH("a", A1)
👉 āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒāϜāĻŋāĻļāύ⧇ āφāϛ⧇

✅ 31. =SUBSTITUTE(A1, "Old", "New")
👉 āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāϟ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ

✅ 32. =REPT("★", 5)
👉 āϚāϰāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϰ āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϟ

✅ 33. =DAYS(A2, B2)
👉 āĻĻāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻ•ā§āϝ

✅ 34. =YEAR(A1)
👉 āϏāĻžāϞ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž

✅ 35. =MONTH(A1)
👉 āĻŽāĻžāϏ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž

✅ 36. =DAY(A1)
👉 āĻĻāĻŋāύ āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž

✅ 37. =TEXTJOIN(", ", TRUE, A1:A3)
👉 āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻŸā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāϟ

✅ 38. =FILTER(A2:B10, B2:B10>33)
👉 āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻ…āύ⧁āϝāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āϟāĻžāϰ

✅ 39. =UNIQUE(A2:A10)
👉 āχāωāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 40. =SORT(A2:B10, 2, TRUE)
👉 āϛ⧋āϟ-āĻŦ⧜ āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋

✅ 41. =TRANSPOSE(A1:B3)
👉 Row â†”ī¸ Column

✅ 42. =HLOOKUP("Math", A1:D3, 2, FALSE)
👉 āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ­ā§‚āĻŽāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ–ā§‹āρāϜāĻž

✅ 43. =IF(AND(B2>60, C2>60), "Pass", "Fail")
👉 āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āϝāĻžāϚāĻžāχ

✅ 44. =IF(OR(B2="Male", B2="Female"), "Valid", "Invalid")
👉 āϝ⧇āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻļāĻ°ā§āϤ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ

✅ 45. =NOT(A1>10)
👉 āωāĻ˛ā§āĻŸā§‹ āĻŽāĻžāύ

✅ 46. =EXACT(A1, B1)
👉 āĻšā§āĻŦāĻšā§ āĻŽāĻŋāϞ āφāϛ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻž

✅ 47. =CELL("address", A1)
👉 āϏ⧇āϞ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĄā§āϰ⧇āϏ

✅ 48. =INDIRECT("A"&B1)
👉 āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāύāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ• āϰ⧇āĻĢāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϏ

✅ 49. =OFFSET(A1, 2, 1)
👉 āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟ āĻĻā§‚āϰāĻ¤ā§āĻŦ⧇ āϏ⧇āϞ

✅ 50. =SMALL(A1:A10, 2)
👉 ⧍⧟ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ āϛ⧋āϟ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž

📌 āφāϰāĻ“ āĻāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āϞ āϟāĻŋāĻĒāϏ āĻĒ⧇āϤ⧇ āϞāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ âœī¸ "Tofayel Ahmmed"
🔁 āĻļā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻŦāĻžāχāϕ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāĻ–āϤ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ āĻ•āϰ⧁āύ!
🌟 āĻāĻ•āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āĻļāĻŋāϖ⧁āύ, āĻāĻ—āĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϝāĻžāύ!


âœī¸âœī¸âœī¸""""""""""""""""""""""""""āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ MCQā§§āĨ¤...
03/08/2025

âœī¸âœī¸âœī¸
""""""""""""""""""""""""""
āĻāϗ⧁āϞ⧋ āϜāĻžāύāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧇āϰ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŦ⧇āύāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ MCQ

ā§§āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ? – āĻ—āύāύāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĨ¤

⧍āĨ¤ āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ• āϕ⧇? – āϜāύāĻ• āϚāĻžāϞāĻ°ā§āϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϏ

ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ? -āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ āĻĻ⧁āχ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ

ā§ĒāĨ¤ LCD āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻŽāĻžāύ āϞāĻŋāĻ–? – Liquid Crystal Display.

ā§ĢāĨ¤ PC āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āϕ⧀? – Personal Computer.

ā§ŦāĨ¤ CPU āϕ⧀? -Central Processing Unit

ā§­āĨ¤ 1 KB = ? āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰāσ 1 KB = 1024 Byte.

ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āϕ⧇? – āĻšāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻā§āϝāĻžāχāĻ•āĻŋāύ

⧝āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿā§€ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇? – Rom

ā§§ā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āύ⧇āχ?- āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž

ā§§ā§§āĨ¤ āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻļā§‡ā§ŸāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻžāχāϟ āχāωāϟāĻŋāωāĻŦ (Youtube) āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž āϕ⧇?– āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϞ āĻ“ āϜāĻžāϭ⧇āĻĻ āĻ•āϰāĻŋāĻŽ

⧧⧍āĨ¤ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻŋ⧟āĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇? – āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āχāωāύāĻŋāϟ

ā§§ā§ŠāĨ¤ āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ āĻ•āĻŋ?- āχāϞ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ

ā§§ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āχāύ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ•āĻžāϕ⧇?- āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋ āĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧇āϏāϰ

ā§§ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇? – āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ

ā§§ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ—āϤ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚āĻŦāĻĻāĻŽāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŽ āϕ⧇?-āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āϗ⧇āϟāϏ

ā§§ā§­āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§‹āϏ (BIOS) āĻ•āĻŋ? -Basic Input-Output System

ā§§ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϟ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ? -āĻŽāĻžāĻĻāĻžāϰāĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄ

⧧⧝āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻ°ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŋ? -āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋāĻļāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ

⧍ā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ -āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ“ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ

⧍⧧āĨ¤ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ⧇ āĻļā§€āĻ°ā§āώ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ- -āĻšā§€āύ

⧍⧍āĨ¤ IC āϚāĻŋāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āϤ⧈āϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ- -Intel 4004

ā§¨ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ? -⧧⧝⧭⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇

⧍ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āĻ•āϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ? -ā§Ē āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ

⧍ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϟ (Chat) āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ? -āĻ–ā§‹āĻļāĻ—āĻ˛ā§āĻĒ āĻ•āϰāĻž

⧍ā§ŦāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ­āĻŋāϏ āĻ•āĻŦ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ?, -⧧⧝⧝ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āϰ ā§Ē āϜ⧁āύ

⧍⧭āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻāχ ‘ #’āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞ⧇? -āĻšā§āϝāĻžāϏ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ

ā§¨ā§ŽāĨ¤ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ?- – āϜāĻžāϞ

⧍⧝āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻ•āĻŋ? – āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ

ā§Šā§ĻāĨ¤ āĻ…āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦā§Ÿā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āϕ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ? –āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ

ā§Šā§§āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āύ⧟ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ? -āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž

ā§Šā§¨āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻ•āĻŋ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžā§Ÿ? – āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦā§‹āϤāĻžāĻŽā§‡ āϚāĻžāĻĒāĻž

ā§Šā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧋āύ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇? – Compute

ā§Šā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻ•ā§Ÿ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇? -ā§Š āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ

ā§Šā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻĒāĻžāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϰ-āĻĒā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĢāĻžāχāϞāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ- -āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻœā§‡āύāĻŸā§‡āĻļāύ

ā§Šā§ŦāĨ¤ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ āĻ“ āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ – āĻĒ⧇āύāĻĄā§āϰāĻžāχāĻ­

ā§Šā§­āĨ¤ āύāĻŋāĻšā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻž āϞ⧇āĻ–āĻžāϰ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ? – āĻŦāĻŋāϜ⧟

ā§Šā§ŽāĨ¤ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻļāĻžāĻ–āĻž āύ⧟ āϕ⧋āύāϟāĻŋ? -āĻĄāĻžāĻ• āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—

ā§Šā§¯āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇- -āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻŽāϏāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ

ā§Ēā§ĻāĨ¤ Find āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŽā§‡āύ⧁āϤ⧇? -Edit

ā§Ēā§§āĨ¤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻ•āĻžāϰ āφāĻ•ā§ƒāϤāĻŋ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšā§Ÿ -āĻĢāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĄāĻžā§ŸāϞāĻ— āĻŦāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇

ā§Ē⧍āĨ¤ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻĻ⧇āĻšāϕ⧇ āϝāĻĻāĻŋ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ āϧāϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ āϤāĻžāĻšāϞ⧇ āϏāĻĢā§āϟāĻ“ā§Ÿā§āϝāĻžāϰ – āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖ

ā§Ēā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžā§āύ⧁āώ⧇āϰ āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡â€“āĻ•āĻŽ

ā§Ēā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ āϟāĻžāχāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āϕ⧀-āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āĻĨāĻžā§Ÿ āϚāĻžāĻĒ āĻĻāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻšā§ŸāĨ¤ -āĻŦā§‹āϤāĻžāĻŽā§‡

ā§Ēā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻ•āϤ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ⧇āϞ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ ā§­.ā§Ļ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ? -ā§§

ā§§āĨ¤GIGO āϕ⧀ ?
= āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡āϰ āϭ⧁āϞ āĻĢāϞāĻžāĻĢāϞ āĻĻ⧇āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻž
⧍āĨ¤ āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāύ⧋ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϕ⧀ ?
= āĻāĻ• āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻāĻ•āĻļāϤ āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ āĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇āϰ āĻāĻ• āĻ­āĻžāĻ—
ā§ŠāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻžāϕ⧇ āĻĒāϕ⧇āϟ āĻĒāĻŋāϏāĻŋ āĻŦāĻž PDA āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
= Palmtop
ā§ĒāĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āχāύ āĻŦāĻž āĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ• āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
= āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧇āϏāϰ āĻŦāĻž CPU
ā§ĢāĨ¤ DVD -āĻāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻ•āϤ ?
= ā§Ē.ā§­-ā§§ā§­ āĻ—āĻŋāĻ—āĻžāĻŦāĻžāχāϟ
ā§ŦāĨ¤ Fireware āϕ⧀ ?
= āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏ
ā§­āĨ¤ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ
= āĻŽā§‡āĻ—āĻž āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāϜ|āφāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻ¸ā§āϤāϤāĻž > āĻŦāĻŋāϟ
ā§ŽāĨ¤ USB 3 āϤ⧇ āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϤ ?
= 5gpps
⧝āĨ¤ INI āĻĢāĻžāχāϞ āϕ⧀ ?
= āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ
ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻšā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāĻĄā§‡āϏāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āϞ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ•āϤ ?
= ā§§ā§Ŧ
ā§§ā§§āĨ¤ SWIFT code āĻāϰ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž āĻ•āϤ?
= ā§Ž/ā§§ā§§
⧧⧍āĨ¤ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāĻŦ⧇āĻœā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ āϕ⧀
= āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ
ā§§ā§ŠāĨ¤ LiFi āϕ⧀ ?
= wifi āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āϗ⧁āύ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
ā§§ā§ĒāĨ¤ TCP /IP āĻĒā§āϰāĻŸā§‹āĻ•āϞ āĻ•āĻŦ⧇ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ?
= ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨
ā§§ā§ĢāĨ¤ āĻ•ā§āϞāĻžāωāĻĄ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āĻŦ⧇ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻŦāĻžāĻŖāĻŋāĻœā§āϝāĻŋāĻ• āϝāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ ?
= ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ

āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ — ā§Ģā§¨ā§Š āϟāĻŋ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ⧋āĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϝāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āύ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžā§Ÿ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ āφāϏ⧇ :
ā§§. āĻ…āĻ¤ā§āϝāĻžāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤ āĻ…āĻ—ā§āϰāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ⧇ āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇- āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ—ā§āϰ⧇āĻŸā§‡āĻĄ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāϟ (āφāχāϏāĻŋ);
⧍. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āχāύ āĻšāϞ⧋- Microprocessor
ā§Š. āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ• āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āϚāĻžāĻ°ā§āϞāϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϜ āϕ⧇;
ā§Ē. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ•- āĻšāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ…ā§āϝāχāϕ⧇āύ;
ā§Ģ. āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽā§āĻĻā§āϰāĻŖ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϧāĻžāϤ⧁ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ•ā§āώāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧāϤāĻž āĻļ⧇āώ āĻšāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŖ- āĻĢāĻŸā§‹ āϞāĻŋāĻĨā§‹āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻĢā§€;
ā§Ŧ. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇- āϏ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāϞ āĻĒā§āϰāϏ⧇āϏāĻŋāĻ‚ āχāωāύāĻŋāϟ;
ā§­. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĻā§āϰ⧀āϝāĻŧ āĻĒāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻ…āĻ­ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰ⧀āύ āĻ¸ā§āĻŽā§ƒāϤāĻŋ, āĻ—āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇;
ā§Ž. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāĻ‚āĻļ āĻŦāĻž āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ;
⧝. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āĻĻā§â€™āϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ…āĻ™ā§āĻ—- āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻ“ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰāĨ¤
ā§§ā§Ļ. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻŽāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻž āϏāĻŽāĻžāϧāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļā§āϝ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…āύ⧁āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽā§‡ āϏāĻžāϜāĻžāύ⧋ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāĻžāĻŦāϞ⧀āϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ;
ā§§ā§§. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰāĨ¤
⧧⧍. āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻŽāĻžāĻ§ā§āϝāĻŽā§‡ āωāύāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦāϤ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻž āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻĄāĻŋāϏāĻŋāύ;
ā§§ā§Š. āύāĻžāĻĢāĻŋāϏ āĻŦāĻŋāύ āϏāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāϰ- āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļā§€ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āχāĻžā§āϜāĻŋāύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§­ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ…āĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻĒ⧁āϰāĻ¸ā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āϜāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ;
ā§§ā§Ē. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻŦāϞāϤ⧇ āĻŦ⧁āĻāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āĻ•āĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻ˛ā§āĻĒāύāĻž āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ;
ā§§ā§Ģ. āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ āϞāĻŋāĻ–āĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻāϏ⧇āĻŽā§āĻŦāϞāĻŋ;
ā§§ā§Ŧ. āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āϰāϚāύāĻž āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ•āĻ āĻŋāύ āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻžāϝāĻŧ;
ā§§ā§­. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻĒā§€ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāϝāĻŧ āϏ⧃āĻˇā§āϟāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āϏāĻŋāφāχāĻāχāϚ (āĻšā§‡āĻ‚-āχāϝāĻŧāĻ‚-āĻšā§‹) āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ ⧍ā§Ŧ āĻāĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞ ⧧⧝⧝⧝ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇ āφÎŧāĻŽāĻŖ āĻ•āϰ⧇āĨ¤
ā§§ā§Ž. āϤāĻžāϰāĻŦāĻŋāĻšā§€āύ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϰ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϏāĻ‚āϝ⧋āϗ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āωāĻĒāϝ⧋āĻ—ā§€- āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ;
⧧⧝. āĻ āĻāĻ…āĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ­ā§‚-āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  āĻšāϤ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻŸā§‡āϞāĻžāχāĻŸā§‡ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ;
⧍ā§Ļ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻĒ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ- āĻāĻĒāϏāύ, ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨;
⧍⧧. āĻĒ⧁āύāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻœā§‡ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ āϏ⧁āĻŦāĻŋāϧāĻžāϜāύāĻ•;
⧍⧍. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧇āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻšāύ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŦāĻžāĻšā§€ āĻĒāĻĨāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻŦāĻžāϏ;
ā§¨ā§Š. āωāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ“ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻ—āĻŽāĻŖ āĻŦāĻžāϏ⧇āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϏ;
⧍ā§Ē. āĻ“āϰāĻžāĻ•āϞ- āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϏ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ;
⧍ā§Ģ. āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāĻŦ⧇āϏ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽāϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāĻ– āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻĢāĻŋāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ;
⧍ā§Ŧ. āĻļāĻŋāĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨā§€āϰāĻž āϏāĻšāĻœā§‡ āφāϝāĻŧāĻ¤ā§āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ āχāĻ…āĻāĻ“āψ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ;
⧍⧭. System softwareāĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ Startup disc G
ā§¨ā§Ž. āĻĒāĻžāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…āĻĒ⧇āύ- āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ;
⧍⧝. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āϏāĻĢāϞ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāϜāĻžāϰ⧇ āφāϏ⧇ ⧧⧝⧭ā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤
ā§Šā§Ļ. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϕ⧋āύ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋ āĻŦāĻŋāĻŦ⧇āϚāύāĻž āύ⧇āχ;
ā§Šā§§. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻ­āĻžāχāϰāĻžāϏ āĻšāϞ⧋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•ā§āώāϤāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦāĻž āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰāĨ¤
ā§Šā§¨. āĻŽā§‡āĻ•āĻŋāύāĻŸā§‹āĻļ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻ¯ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āϏāĻŦ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽ āϏ⧁āϝ⧋āĻ— āφāϏ⧇;
ā§Šā§Š. āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āύāĻ•ā§āϏāĻž āϤ⧈āϰ⧀ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ- āĻĄ. āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻŦāĻŋāϜ;
ā§Šā§Ē. āχāωāύāĻŋāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡ āĻĻ⧁āχāĻļ’āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻšāϝāĻŧ;
ā§Šā§Ģ. āĻŽā§‡āĻļāĻŋāύ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϜ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻ—āĻ āĻŋāϤ;
ā§Šā§Ŧ. āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻšā§€āύ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāϞāύ⧇ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ ⧍ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ;
ā§Šā§­. āĻšā§‡āĻ•ā§āϏāĻžāĻĄā§‡āϏāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āϞ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ ā§§ā§ŦāϟāĻŋ;
ā§Šā§Ž. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ āĻŦā§āϰāĻžāωāϜāĻžāϰ- āĻŽā§‹āϜāĻžāχāĻ•;
ā§Šā§¯. āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϜ- āĻĢāϰāĻŸā§āϰāĻžāύ;
ā§Ēā§Ļ. āϞāĻŋāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽā§‡āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŸā§āϝāĻžāϭ⧇āϞāĻĄ āϞāĻŋāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ;
ā§Ēā§§. āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻĒā§āϰ āĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧāĻ‚ÎŧāĻŋāϝāĻŧ āĻ—āĻŖāύāĻžāϰ āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰ- āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• ā§§; āϝāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤ā§āϰāϟāĻŋ āϞāĻŽā§āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧ āĻ›āĻŋāϞ ā§Ģā§§ āĻĢ⧁āϟ āĻĻ⧈āĻ°ā§āĻ˜ā§āϝ:
ā§Ē⧍. āϏāĻŦāĻšā§‡āϝāĻŧ⧇ āĻĻā§āϰ⧁āϤāĻ—āϤāĻŋāϏāĻŽā§āĻĒāύāĻĄāĻŧāĻŦ āĻŸā§‡āĻĒ- āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ—āύ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ• āĻŸā§‡āĻĒ;
ā§Ēā§Š. āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϟāĻžāϰ- āĻ…āύ⧁āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ;
ā§Ēā§Ē. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ- āĻ–āĻ…āϘ, āĻ—āĻ…āϘ, āĻĄāĻ…āϘ;
ā§Ēā§Ģ. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇ āĻĻ⧇āϝāĻŧāĻž āĻ…āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ⧀āϝāĻŧ āχāύāĻĢāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻļāύāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ- āĻāϰāύāύāĻŦā§ŽāϰāĻ‚āϝ;
ā§Ēā§Ŧ. āĻ‹āώāϧāĻ‚āϝ āϏāĻĄāĻŧāĻžāϰāĻŦ āϤ⧇ āϤāĻŋāύ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āς⧁āϏāύāĻĄāĻŧāώ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤
ā§Ēā§­. āϚāϝāĻĄāĻŧāσāĻĄāĻŧāĻ‚āϝāĻĄāĻŧāĻĸāĻŧ āĻ āĻā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āϰ āĻĒāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ¨ā§āϟ ā§Ģ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ;
ā§Ēā§Ž. āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ;
ā§Ē⧝. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻž āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ- ā§Ē āϜ⧁āύ, ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ŧ āϤāĻžāϰāĻŋāϖ⧇;
ā§Ģā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āφāϰāĻĒāĻžāύ⧇āϟ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇;
ā§Ģā§§. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāϚāĻŋāϤāĻŋ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšāϝāĻŧ ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤
ā§Ģ⧍. āĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻžāϰ- āϞ⧇āĻĄāĻŋ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻĄāĻž āĻ…āϏāĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāϰāύ (āĻ•āĻŦāĻŋ āϞāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻĄāĻž āĻŦāĻžāϝāĻŧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ•āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻž);
ā§Ģā§Š. āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϏ⧇āĻŽāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž āĻĢā§āϞāĻžāĻļ- āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻāύāĻŋāĻŽā§‡āĻļāύ āϏāĻĢāϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧā§āϝāĻžāϰ;
ā§Ģā§Ē. āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āϟāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž- āϰāĻžāĻļāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϏ;
ā§Ģā§Ģ. āϏāϰ⧋āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖ- āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻŦāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϏ;
ā§Ģā§Ŧ. āĻ•ā§āϝāϞāϕ⧁āϞ⧇āϟāϰ⧇āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦ⧇āĻšā§āϚ āĻ•ā§āώāĻŽāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ•āϰāĻž;
ā§Ģā§­. āϕ⧀ āĻŦā§‹āĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡ āĻĢāĻžāĻ‚āĻļāύāĻžāϞ āϕ⧀ ⧧⧍āϟāĻŋ;
ā§Ģā§Ž. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϏ⧁āχāϚ āĻ…āύ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ RAM āĻāϰ āϜāĻžāϝāĻŧāĻ—āĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻŖ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻ•āϰ⧇ operating system
ā§Ģ⧝. Ok āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ Cancel āĻ…āĻĨāĻŦāĻž Close āĻŦā§‹āϤāĻžāĻŽ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ Dialogue BoxāĻ;
ā§Ŧā§Ļ. āĻŦāĻ°ā§āĻŖāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āĻ…āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ āϏāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āĻŽ DOS, UNIX
ā§Ŧā§§. Visual BasicāĻ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ āĻ§ā§āϰ⧁āĻŦāĻ• āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇;
ā§Ŧ⧍. Visual Basic āĻāϰ Project āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ Object- Procedure
ā§Ŧā§Š. E-mail āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāϰ āĻĄā§‹āĻŽā§‡āύ āύāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻļ⧇āώ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧ Top Level Domain (TLD)
64. LAN Ges LAN Topology- BUS, STAR, RING;
ā§Ŧā§Ģ. Flash āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ Timeline;
ā§Ŧā§Ŧ. āϏ⧁āχāϜāĻžāϰāĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻŦāĻŋāĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧀āĻ—āĻŖ www āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāϟāĻŋ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ ⧧⧝⧝⧧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇;
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ā§Ŧ⧝. Dial up internet connectionāĻ āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāĻĢā§‹āύ āϞāĻžāχāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϝāĻŧā§‹āϜāύ;
ā§­ā§Ļ. āĻŸā§‡āϞāĻŋāĻĢā§‹āύ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ āφāϞ⧇āĻ•āϜāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻšāĻžāĻŽ āĻŦ⧇āϞ āĻ•āĻ°ā§āϤ⧃āĻ• ā§§ā§­ā§Žā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇āĨ¤
ā§­ā§§. Zoom out—image āϛ⧋āϟ āĻ•āϰāĻž;
⧭⧍. Gray scale āχāĻŽā§‡āϜāϕ⧇ āϏāĻžāĻĻāĻž-āĻ•āĻžāϞ⧋āϤ⧇ āϰ⧂āĻĒāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāϰāĻŋāϤ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžāϝāĻŧ Threshold āĻ•āĻŽāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ;
ā§­ā§Š. āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϏ⧇āĻŦāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ- āĻĒā§āϰāĻļāĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύ⧇āϟ, āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§€āĻŖ āϏāĻžāχāĻŦāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟ, āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ āĻ…āύāϞāĻžāχāύ;
ā§­ā§Ē. āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻŽ āĻĢāĻŸā§‹āĻļāĻĒ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻšāϝāĻŧ Apple Macintosh āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇;
75. The mechanism of digital is- Symbol of number;
76. The task of operating system for hardware and software is- Make bridge;
77. The first calculation machine in the history of computer- Abacus;
78. The storage capacity of RAM cannot be increased;
79. The instruction for starting the computer are housed on- Read Only Memory chip;
80. A destination for data going outside the system is called- Sink;
81. In a computer system there are 4 parts;
82. Unwanted e mail- Spam;
83. The word ‘Computer’ came from Geek;
84. The process of starting of resting a computer is – Boot;
85. The ability to have a number of applications running at the same time is called – Integrated;
86. In general, “My Document” is located at- C drive;
87. In general, letter D is considered [except A, B & C] for Hard Disk Drive;
88. Hard disk is a auxiliary drive;
89. Keyboard is used to store data;
90. Register is a part of CPU;
91. The printers usually used in office work- Dot matrix, Inkjet, LASER;
92. A dot matrix printer prints with “pin and ribbobn”.
93. The term “Hard copy” means- Printed copy;
94. The best chart for showing parts of a whole- Pie;
95. A separate file sent as part of an email message is called a/an- attachment;
96. Computer memory is normally measured in Gigabytes;
97. Time to spin the needed data under head- Latency time;
98. Time to position the head over proper track- Seek time;
99. Access time is Seek time + Latency time;
100. The smallest power interruption that can cause memory errors or cause the computer to lock up- 1/200 seconds;
101. Properly arranged data is called- Information;
102. Another word for a Daisy Wheel Printer- Golf ball printer.
103. The wheel of mouse can make it easier scroll through documents;
104. First program of Microsoft- DOS;
105. MS-DOS is operating system for IBM PCs;
106. DOS is not a multi user multi taking operating system;
107. ‘DOS’ floppy disc does not have virtual memory;
108. Text based operating system- DOS, UNIX (for mainframe computer);
109. Mac Operating System is compatible for Macintosh computer;
110. The disk contains operating system is called- start up disk;
111. Cache- related to memory of a computer;
112. Cache memory have the shortest access time;
113. The computer that has no hard disc storage but sends input and receives output from the server is knows as- Host;
114.Binary system is used to store data in a computer;
115. Example of optical storage device (auxiliary memory)- Hard Disk, CD, DVD, Pen Drive;
116. USA is the inventor of Internet in 1969. Invented by- Vinton Gray Cerf;
117. The predecessor of modern internet- Arpanet (Advance Research Project Agency Network);
118. Web browser is used to display web contents;
119. Popular Web browsers- Mozilla Firefox, Opera, Google chrome, Internet Explorer;
120. Search engines searches websites by keyword(s);
121. Popular search engines- Google, Yahoo, Bing, Hotmail, MSN;
122. The resolution of a printer is measured in Dot Per Inch (DPI);
123. Tape speed- Inch per second;
124. The most commonly used standard data code to represent alphabetical numerical and
punctuation characters used in electronic data processing system is called- ASCII
(American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
125. The two basic type of record access methods are- Sequential and Random;
126. Lower efficiency is the limitation of high level language;
127. Sequential file organization is the most efficient for a file with a high degree of file activity.
128. In a punched card system data is processed by a accounting machine, keypunch machine and sorter;
129. The central device in star topology is- Hub/Switch;
130. An online backing storage system capable of storing larger quantities of data is- Mass
storage;
131. DASD-A class of storage device that can access storage locations in any others;
132. Disk- An item of storage medium in the form of circular plate;
133. Aback extension refers usually backup file.
134. Wi-Fi means Wireless fidelity;
135. WiMax- Wireless Internet Technology;
136. A technique used by codes to convert an analogy signal into a digital bit stream is known as- pulse code modulation;
137. Interconnected computer configuration- Multiprogramming;
138. An input and output device at which data enters or leaves a computer system- Terminal;
139. A group of magnetic tapes, video or terminals usually under the control of one master-
Cluster;
140. The data recording format is most of the modern magnetic tape is – 8 bit EBCDIC;
141. The most common type of storage device is- Magnetic;
142. Each model of a computer has a unique machine language;
143. A computer connected with server (server client) is called- work station;
144. Microsoft is trying to buy yahoo search engine.
145. Programming languages- Fortran, Java, C++, BASIC, LOGO, COBOL, Pascal;
146. 1st Programming language- Fortran (Formula Translator);
147. The characteristic of computers that differentiate from the other electronic devices- Programming;
148. Instruction in computer language consist of OPCODE & OPERAND;
149. Other name of Chip- IC (Integrated Circuit);
150. The component works first, when you start your computer- Processor;
151. The utility program could improves the speed of a disk- Fragmentation;
152. Disk Defragmentation is used to rearrange files in a disk;
153. Bluetooth operation use- radio technology;
154. Bluetooth is the name for the 802.15 wireless networking standard;
155. A CD-ROM drive is labeled with 52x; Here 52x is a measurement of Data transfer rate.
156. Access time is made up of- data transfer time;
157. Functional key F12 is- save button;
158. Pictorial representation of an operation- icon;
159. Pixel of a color monitor consists of 3 color dot. The colors are- Blue, Green & Red.
160. The inventor of punch card- Joseph Marie Jacquard;
161. 1 Byte = 21 to 23 BITs = 2 to 8 BITs information;
162. 1 kilobyte = 1024 bytes = 210 bytes information;
163. 1 Megabyte = 1024 x 1024 bytes = 220 bytes = 106 bytes information;
164. 1GB = = 1024 x 1024 x 1024 bytes information = 230 bytes information;
165. One millisecond is equal to a 1000th of a second;
166. The largest unit of storage- Terabyte;
167. Modem is a device for exchanging data;
168. Data transfer rate of a dial up MODEM is measured in kbps (Kilo Byte per Second);
169. Modem connection is used to assess the internet in a very remote location;
170. Antivirus software is an utility software;
171. In MS Word application package, you can produce some letter for different persons by using- mail merge;
172. If you format a disk then- everything will be lost.
173. In the numerical key pad of a standard key board available- 17 keys;
174. In a standard keyboard functional keys available- 12 keys;
175. Charles Babbage invented his first calculating machine in 1812;
176. Analytical engine of Charles Babbage was the simplification of modern computer;
177. The specialty of EDVAC- storage program;
178. “Microsoft Outlook” is a software designed to function as- An Internet Explorer;
179. Transistor invented in 1948;
180. Integrated Circuit (IC) invented in 1958;
181. The most distinctive difference between a LAN and a WAN is- Distance covered;
182. Programming errors detected by the language translator are called- Syntax errors;
183. MS Access- A database package;
184. MS Word, Word Star, WP- Word Processing Packages;
185. In windows operating system “ctrl + alt + del” command indicate- Shutdown the computer;
186. Screen size does not affect the resolution of a video display image;
187. Records are composed of fields;
188. Fields are composed of- bytes and character;
189. LASER printers are known as- Character printer;
190. High speed & high quality printer- LASER printer;
191. The number system used to store data in a computer is- Binary;
192. The fasted data transmission media is- Fiber optic cable;
193. The low level language- machine language, assembly language;
194. High level language is also called- Problem oriented language, Business oriented language, Mathematically oriented language;
195. Interpreter translate one instruction- at a time;
196. The component hold a charge even through power has been removed- Capacitor;
197. Different components on the motherboard of a PC processor unit are linked together by sets or parallel electrical conducting lines- Busses;
198. Odd parity bit & Even parity bit associated with error detector;
199. Analog computer works on the supply for continuous electrical pulses;
200. Speed measurement device of vehicle- Analog computer;
201. Graphics for word processor- Clip art;
202. The file run automatically if it is available extension-
203. The general term for buying and selling through the internet is- e. commerce;
204. Removable disk- Floppy disk, compact disk, DVD, Pen drive;
205. Irremovable disk- Hard disk;
206. Hard disc is coated in both side above-Magnetic Metallic Oxide;
207. The command “shift delete”- completely delete;
208. The scanner used in banking industry is- Magnetic Ink Character Reader (MICR);
209. “Bullet and Numbering” option of MS Word at- Format menu;
210. “Header and Footer” option of MS Word at- Insert menu;
211. Windows 98 Operating System is 32 bit;
212. A Hybrid computer- Resembles both a digital & analog computer;
213. The silicon chips used for data processing are called- PROM chips;
214. Input devices- Mouse, Keyboard, Scanner, Digital Camera, Joystick, light pen.
215. Output devices- Monitor, Printer, Speaker, Plotter.
216. Input & Output devices- Modem, Touch screen monitor, Terminal.
217. IT stands for- Information Technology;
218. Submarine power cables are cables for- Electrical power running through the sea, below the surface;
219. The two main types software are- System software & Application software;
220. A computer must have- an operating system;
221. The principal system software is known as- Operating system;
222. The most important part (central portion) of Operating System- Kernel;
223. The “Information Highway” is also known as- Internet;
224. All classes IP networks can be divided into smaller networks called- Subnet;
225. A password is a form of secret authentication data that is used to control access to a resource;
226. A `file` is a unit of- Information;
227. A computer is a device for processing, storing and displaying- Information;
228. A spreadsheet is a type of- Accounting program;
229. Scientific software is typically used to solve differential equations;
230. A personal computer is a type of- microcomputer;
231. The term `Micro` (extremely small) denotes 10−6 ;
232. Palmtop is the name of- a small handheld computer;
233. A Pentium 4 (P-4) employs roughly 40 million transistors;
234. Mark-1, Apple-1 & Collossus were- initial desktop computers;
235. The printers in pre-1950s were- Punch card;
236. An error in software designing which can even cause a computer to crash is called- bug;
237. Before the 1950s, computers were mostly owned by universities and research labs;
238. The computer museum is situated in USA;
239. The 1st Electronic computer was- ENIAC;
240. The 1st commercially produced and sold computer was- UNIVAC (1951);
241. The 1st digital computer- UNIVAC-1 [Edition December, 2008];
242. IBM was provided software for PCs by-Microsoft;
243. The first personal computer- Sphere 1;
244. Time sharing, teletyping were associated with- mainframe computers;
245. Midrange computer- Minicomputer;
246. The first electric computer with storage program- EDSAC;
247. The first computer game- Space war (1962);
248. There are many computers or dumb computers are jointed with Mainframe computers;
249. RAM cache will not be more than one-fourth of RAM;
250. Memory capacity of a CD is 700MB;
251. Networking operating system is- Resource sharing;
252. Personal computer, Mainframe and Mainframe computers can use the operating system-UNIX operating system;
253. Real time server meant- Then and then;
254. The internal memory of computer is called- Main memory;
255. The main memory of Atlas operating system- Dram;
256. The main part of Atlas operating system- Device drive;
257. The important part for activating of hardware of computer- Software;
258. Computer can works in diversifying- for processor;
259. DPT starts in Macintosh computer;
260. Clone is duplication of developed computer;
261. First computer was installed in Bangladesh in 1964 at Bangladesh Nuclear Energy Commission, Model: IBM-1620;
262. The unit of speed of computers work is- Nano second (1 Nano second =10−9 second;
Computer Logic :
263. George Boole find the relationship between Logic & Math’s in 1854;
264. George Boole invented the Boolean Algebra;
265. There are 2 values of each variable in Boolean Algebra;
266. There are 3 basic/fundamental gates in Boolean Algebra;
267. NOT is one of the basic/
fundamental gates of Boolean Algebra;
268. The logic gate NOT has one input and one output;
269. NOT operator is one of the logical operator;
270. The logic gate NOT has- One output & One Output;
271. The main character of NOT gate is- reverse the signal;
272. X-NOR gate is the combination of X-OR gate and NOT gate;
273. John Nepiar invented- Logarithms;
274. Super computers, Mainframe computers, mini computers and Micro computers are based on Digital;
275. The arranging of data in a logical sequence is called- sorting;
276. The brain of a computer within the CPU is- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU);
277. Central Processing Unit is combination of Arithmetic Logic Unit & Control Unit;
278. The ancient Babylon people used 2 types of counting system;
279. The ancient Babylon people used 15 based for large counting;
280. The ancient Babylon people used 10 based for small counting;
281. The ten-based book was published in India;
282. Al Khwarizmi wrote a book on ten based;
283. Binary number system is mainly used for computer system;
284. In binary number system 2 is the base;
285. In decimal system there are 10 digits;
286. In number system the lowest unit is digit;
287. Computers use 2 digits for its electronic job purpose: 0 & 1;
288. 1 (One) is the value of any number when its power zero;
289. The binary compliment of 0 is 1;
290. The binary compliment of 1 is 0;
291. The number with the fraction is called- real number;
292. There are 2 kinds of real number; Any number with fraction is called- real number;
293. Rational number is understood by integer;
294. Internal processing (task) of computer is normally performed in- Binary system;
295. In octal number system, 8 base;
296. In Hexadecimal number system the base is 16;
297. Octal + Decimal = Hexadecimal number;
298. ASCII code that used for the English and Roman language;
299. There are 2 steps in ASCII;
300. There are 256 symbols used for the main English language;
301. There are 85000 symbols used for the Chinese language;
302. There are 65536 codes for UNICODE consodium in the world for all language;
303. The latest version of UNICODE 501;
304. The length of Unicode character is 16 bits;
305. Bit is the short form of- Binary & digit;
306. The first digital computer was invented by- Blias Pascal;
307. The name of 0 & 1 is bit;
308. The name of the word that constitute of eight bits in Binary system-Byte; 8 bit=1 Byte.
309. 8 bits are used for processing data;
310. The name of Coding system that is used in Bangla language- UNICODE;
311. An EBCDI code is 8 Bit;
312. Binary Coded Decimal (BCD) is 4 Bit;
313. Low level language is own language of computer which is written in binary;
314. The capacity of 3.5 inches floppy disc is 1.44 MB;
Spreadsheet Analysis :
315. Spreadsheet is a accounting program;
316. The program that used for calculations relating purpose is- Spreadsheet program;
317. The special advantage of Spreadsheet program- Large and complicated calculation;
318. The popular and common used spread program is MS Excel;
319. In 1985 Microsoft company prepared spreadsheet for- Macintosh computer;
320. The command of spreadsheet program is called- Menu driven;
321. MS Excel spreadsheet program is Graphical User Interface (GUI) type program;
322. The reserve words in BASIC include GOTO;
323. Most commonly used spreadsheet program for DOS is- LOTUS 123;
324. Lotus is a text based spreadsheet program;
325. The nature of organization of BASIC is open;
326. In MS Excel 2003 program maximum number of rows 65536 and columns 256;
327. In MS Excel 2007 program maximum number of rows 1048576 and columns 16384;
328. The name of the point where a row and a column crossed is- Cell;
329. An active cell in work sheet mean- Ready for execute for command;
330. Cell address A2 means- 2nd row of column A;
331. In spreadsheet program range mean- Select some cell at a time;
332. There are 2 kinds of cell in MS Excel program;
333. Using logical formula based mathematical works be done in spreadsheet program;
334. At the beginning of formula in spreadsheet program Equal Sign ) is to be typed;
335. The command of symbols currency (dollar, Taka) remain in MS Excel program- format
cells of format menu;
336. The cells in the worksheet when cells are run from top to bottom is called- column;
337. The place of Formula typing in MS Excel is- Formula Bar;
Word Processing :
338. The program used for word processing is called- package program;
339. Key board is joined with computer like type writer for Input data;
340. Shift key helps to write English capital letters form key board;
341. Caps Lock is the function of display English capital letter;
342. Auto correction is possible in English language software;
343. The line at the top of File, Edit, View in a document is called- Title bar;
344. G button is used for link in time of Bengali text;
345. The weekly Anandapatra published in 1987 by Mostafa Jabbar;
346. To delete a sentence, the command is- press delete button after selecting the sentence;
347. Different size of characters in word processing software is called as- Font;
348. Mail merge is- Prepare a document from two file;
349. Move cursor is done by arrow key;
350. Point is the unit of measure character;
351.To select a paper size, the command is- page set up from file;
Computer Programming :
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āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—āĻžāĻŽ āϤ⧈āϰ⧀ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽ āϤ⧈āϰ⧀āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āϏāĻ•āϞ āύāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻŽ āĻ•āĻžāύ⧁āύ āĻ“ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤāϗ⧁āϞ⧋āϕ⧇ āĻāĻ•āĻ¤ā§āϰ⧇
āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ­āĻžāώāĻž āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻ•āϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻļāϤ āϏāĻšÂ¯ā§āϰ āχāϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āĻŸā§āϰāύāĻŋāĻ• āϏ⧁āχāϚ āϏāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻŦāϝāĻŧ⧇ āϤ⧈āϰ⧀, āϝāĻžāϰ āĻĻ⧁āχāϟāĻŋ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž OFF / ON āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇āĨ¤ āĻāĻĻ⧇āϰāϕ⧇ āĻĻ⧁āϟāĻŋ āϏāĻ‚āϕ⧇āϤ â€™ā§§â€™ āĻ“ ’ā§Ļ’ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšāϝāĻŧāĨ¤ ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ģ āϏāĻžāϞ āĻĨ⧇āϕ⧇ āĻļ⧁āϰ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ āĻ•āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻ• āĻļāϤ āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ™ā§āϗ⧁āϝāĻŧ⧇āϜ āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ⧇āϛ⧇āĨ¤
352. A series of instructions that tells a computer what to do , how do it is called- program;
353. Chief component of first generation computer was- Vacuum Tubes and Valves;
354. First generation programming language – Machine language;
355. The language which is directly understood by the computer without translation program Machine language;
356. Second generation computer was developed in during 1956 to 1965;
357. Second generation programming language- Assembly language;
358. The third generation programming language is High level language;
359. Forth generation programming language- Very High level language;
360. Fifth generation programming language- Natural language;
361. Computer can understand human language after converting into machine language;
362. The present time is called age of information;
363. In industries the device is used as alternative of worker is called- Robot;
364. Computer is not intelligent like man;
365. Computer cannot be used to exchange of feelings;
366. 1st Generation computer- EDSAC;
367. 2nd Generation computer- IBM 1401;
368. Vacuum tubes- Computers of 1st generation;
369. Transistors instead of bulbs at first use in- Computers of 2nd generation;
370. High level language used in- 2nd generation computer;
371. Integrated circuit (IC) was in use in- 3rd generation computer;
372. Micro Computers (Micro processor)- 4th Generation computer;
373. The brain of a computer- Microprocessor;
374. Microprocessor invented in 1971;
375. Intel Itanum microprocessor is 128 bit;
376. A physical connection between the microprocessor memory and other parts of the
microcomputer is known as- address bus;
377. A basic unit of measurement for capacitors is- farad;
378. At first Microprocessor manufactured by- Intel;
379. Microprocessor is used for processing data;
380. Intel 4080 was the model of the first microprocessor was marketed on November 1971;
381. The Microprocessor 8080 was manufactured by Intel in 1974;
382. Micro computer were first marketed by Apple company in 1976, Brand name- Apple;
383. International Business Machine (IBM) company marketed her microcomputer in 1981;
384. Apple company marketed her new series of microcomputer with Macintosh brand name in 1984 and earned quick popularity;
385. The translation from heavy computers to PCs was made possible by using- microprocessor;
386. Several lacks of transistors make a Microprocessor;
387. There are 5 generations of computers;
388. Fifth generation computer is still under development;
389. Artificial intelligence is associated with- fifth generation;
390. Super Computer- 5th generation computer;
391. 5th generation computer is also known as Knowledge information processing system;
392. Assembler is a software;
393. Translator convert programming instruction into Machine language;
394. Translator software is interpreter or compiler;
395. Main goal of programming is satisfactory solution of problem;
396. There are 3 types of programming language- i. Machine language, ii. Assembly language, iii. High level language;
397. Compiler software is used to convert High Level language into Machine language;
398. The program that used in High level language is- Source code;
399. In a perfect program there are 4 steps- i. Identity the problem, ii. Flow chart, iii. Code, iv. Debug;
400. When flow chart is converted into computer programming language is called- Coding;
401. Flow chart is the pictorial form of the different steps of a program;
402. Pseudo code used in programming, the word ‘Pseudo’ come from Greek;
403. In programming language ‘Pseudo’ means- It is not true;
404. When some instruction are written before using the programming language is called-
Pseudo code;
405. Boolean data type is 2 byte;
406. Integer data type is 2 byte;
407. The size of ‘Date’ data type = 8 byte; [each character 2 byte]
408. Property, Event and Method are the base of a object oriented programming;
409. A visual basic programming does have 3 mood;
410. When controls are used on the form at the design mood visual basic programming is called Interface of program;
411. The principal goal of a visual basic programming language is fast and easy window based program;
412. In 3rd step coding work is done in programming;
413. Flow chart is one of the base of programming;
414. Coding means write program;
415. 3 types of operators used in visual Basic program;
416. Array- One kind of variable;
417. DO ——— LOOP is the statement, means- repetition;
418. The short form of Combo box- object in visual basic programming- cbo;
419. The short form of command Button in visual Basic programming- cmd;
420. The short form of label object in visual basic programming- lbl;
421. The short form of Text object in visual basic program- txt
422. Visual basic programming marketed in 1960;
423. The program that translate program that’s written in high level language into machine
language is called- Compiler;
424. The ‘Add or remove programs’ utility can be found in- Control panel;
425. The task of a debug program is to look into all programs to- Locate and correct errors;
426. The process of identifying and correcting mistakes in a computer program is referred to as- Debugging [Wrong program];
427. There are three types of errors in a program, namely- (a). Syntax error; (b). Logical error; (c). Executive error.
428. In a computer program, the process of executing the same instructions over and over is called- Looping;
Computer Network and Internet:
429. Network can exchange data in between different companies;
430. There are 2 types of Network in computers in context of geographical region- Local Area Network (LAN) and Wide Area Network (WAN);
431. When computers are installed very near to each other is the Local Area Network;
432. When all the computers are installed a long way distance or among the countries is the
Wide Area Network;
433. Wired and Wireless are the medium for making internet or network;
434. The structure that creates network among the computers is Topology;
435. The member of the Local Area Network is – Bus Topology, Ring Topology, Star Topology, Completely connected Topology, Delta Topology, Hybrid Topology;
436. The function of Delta Bus among the different computers- Delta transfer;
437. In Bus Topology does not have Host computer;
438. In Star Topology does have Host computer;
439. In Star Topology Host computer plays role of bridge with the terminal;
440. The name of extended form of Star Topology is- Tree Topology;
441. The Star Topology does not allow to transfer data directly from computer to computer;
442. Hybrid Topology consist of Ring + Bus + completely connected Topology;
443. Internet was popularly known to all and got its recognition in 1994;
444. The different servers of different cities come under satellite at the beginning of 90’s;
445. Each and every document of Internet purpose must have their won Address;
446. Uniform Resource Location (URL) is the address of document in internet;
447. There are 3 parts in an internet address;
ā§Ēā§Ēā§Ž. E-mail āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻž āĻĻ⧁āχāĻ­āĻžāϗ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻ•ā§āϤ;
ā§Ēā§Ē⧝. E-mail āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāϝāĻŧ @ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļā§āϝāχ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇;
ā§Ēā§Ģā§Ļ. E-mail āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāϰ @ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ- Host domain name;
ā§Ēā§Ģā§§. E-mail āĻ āĻŋāĻ•āĻžāύāĻžāϰ @ āϚāĻŋāĻšā§āύ⧇āϰ āφāϗ⧇ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀āϰ āύāĻžāĻŽāĨ¤
ā§Ēā§Ģ⧍. Network āĻāϰ ā§ŽāϰāĻšāĻŽ āϏāĻ‚āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻšāĻšā§āϛ⧇ āĻŦ⧃āĻ¤ā§āϤāĻžāĻ•āĻžāϰ;
453. Wikipedia is online based free Encyclopedia;
454. BD News 24 dot com- The first internet based news agency of Bangladesh;
455. The first virtual news presenter- Anna nova;
456. YouTube is a famous video sharing site;
457. Facebook is a social networking site;
458. Google plus- A new social networking site of Google;
459. Account holders of Internet- Netigen;
460. A person having the full control over the domain of computer is- an operator.
461. The symbol must exist in an email address- @
462. Correct syntax for a URL- [email protected]
463. In 1972, the symbol @ chosen for its use in e mail address;
464. We use web to- (1) Send and receive e-mail, (2) Search for information.
465. “Freeze Windows Panses” is an Excel command which helps in- Password protection;
466. Firewall- protects a computer system from hacking & filtering Virus;
467. A program that can copy itself and infect the computer without permission and knowledge of the owner is called- Virus;
468. The name of structure where data move through a network is- Packets;
469. Universal gate- NAND, NOR, EX-OR;
470. Verification of a log in name and password is known as- Authentication;
471. VoIP means- Voice Over Internet Protocol;
472. The Google’s first mobile phone is- Nexus One;
Database :
473. Database means- Store of Information;
474. Database management means- proper management of data;
475. A database is a organized collection of- data or records;
476. The system when information of different table can exchange- Relational database;
477. A record consist of- more than one field;
478. Part of different record is called field;
479. Date of birth in database program is field;
480. Show data in various way- Report;
481. Yes/No in any program- Logical field;
482. Database software- Oracle, Fox Pro, File maker pro.
Application of Computer & Multimedia:
483. Multimedia mean- many media;
484. Graphics font is used in Lisa and Macintosh;
485. At the end of 80’s start compose with the help of computer;
486. Lisa is an operating system;
487. The dynamic graphics of text in multimedia is called- Animation;
488. Casketed letter were used during poster size paper printing;
489. The additional advantage of Multimedia than Radio-Television are- interactivity;
490. The single wave of sound- Mono sound;
491. Many wave of sound- Stereo sound;
492. There are 2 kinds of multimedia- (i) Hyper multimedia, (ii) Non linear multimedia;
493. Hyper multimedia- Internet based;
494. Non linear multimedia- Computer based;
495. Multimedia development tools- Director, Hyper studio, Hyper Card, Super Card and Author;
496. The criteria to be a multimedia programmer- know text, animation and graphics;
497. 3 media is required for Multimedia Programming;
498. The advantage of 3D Vacillator Card in Multimedia is- Excess memory;
499. We can used Internet and Ethernet in multimedia;
500. Multimedia mainly depends on Programming;
501. Multimedia software and Internet is one of the modern teaching aid;
502. Television program is not multimedia, because it has no- Interactivity;
503. Nineteen century is recognized as remarkable period of Multimedia;
RbK (Inventor) :
ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ē. āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¨ā§āϟāύ āĻ—ā§āϰ⧇ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĢ;
ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ģ. āĻĄāĻŋāϜāĻŋāϟāĻžāϞ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻžāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāϭ⧇āύ āĻœā§‡ āϏāĻŋāϏ⧋āύ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ);
ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ŧ. āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ•āĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ–āĻžāϤ⧇ āĻāϟāĻŋāĻāĻŽ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āϜāύ āĻļ⧇āĻĢāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāϰāύ;
ā§Ģā§Ļā§­. āĻŽāĻžāχÎŧā§‹āϏāĻĢāϟ āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āϗ⧇āϟāϏ (⧧⧝⧭ā§Ģ);
ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ž. āĻ“āĻ°ā§āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ˛ā§āĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāχāĻĄ āĻ“āϝāĻŧ⧇āĻŦ (WWW) āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āϟāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āύāĻžāĻĄāϏ āϞāĻŋ (āϏ⧁āχāϜāĻžāϰāĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ, ⧧⧝⧝⧧);
ā§Ģā§Ļ⧝. āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ āĻĢā§‹āύ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟāĻŋāύ āϕ⧁āĻĒāĻžāϰ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ, ā§§ā§¯ā§­ā§Š);
ā§Ģā§§ā§Ļ. āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻšā§â€™āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻœā§‡āϰāĻŋ āχāϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ‚ (āϤāĻžāχāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāύ) āĻ“ āĻĄā§‡āĻ­āĻŋāĻĄ āĻĢ⧇āϞ⧋ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ),⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ;
ā§Ģā§§ā§§. āϗ⧁āĻ—āϞ- āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻœā§‡āχ āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāύ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ, ā§§ā§¯ā§¯ā§Ž);
ā§Ģ⧧⧍. āĻĢ⧇āϏāĻŦ⧁āϕ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• āϜ⧁āĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ— (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ē);
ā§Ģā§§ā§Š. āϟ⧁āχāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻœā§āϝāĻžāĻ• āĻĄā§‹āϰāϏ⧇āχ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ, ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ);
ā§Ģā§§ā§Ē. āχ-āĻŦ⧁āĻ• āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŽāĻžāχāϕ⧇āϞ āĻāϏ āĻšāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ;
ā§Ģā§§ā§Ģ. āχ-āĻŽā§‡āχāϞ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻ°ā§āϝāĻž āϝāĻŧāĻŽāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻŽā§āϝāĻŧ⧇āϞ āϟāĻŽāϞāĻŋāύāϏāύ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ);
ā§Ģā§§ā§Ŧ. āωāχāĻ•āĻŋāϞāĻŋāĻ•āϏ (āϏ⧁āχāĻĄā§‡āύ āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ•)- āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž- āϜ⧁āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāύ āĻāĻ¸ā§āϝāĻžāĻžā§āϜ (āĻ…āĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ⧇āϞāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻž);
ā§Ģā§§ā§­. āĻ•āĻŽāĻĒā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟ āĻĄāĻŋāĻ¸ā§āĻ• (āϏāĻŋāĻĄāĻŋ) āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āύ⧋āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ“āĻšāĻ—āĻž (āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύ);
ā§Ģā§§ā§Ž. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŽāĻžāωāϏ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻĄāĻ—āϞāĻžāϏ āĻāĻ™ā§āϗ⧇āϞāĻŦāĻžāĻ°ā§āϟ (āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ);
ā§Ģ⧧⧝. āφāϧ⧁āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒāϟāĻĒ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻŦāĻŋāϞ āĻŽā§‹āĻ—āĻžāϰāĻŋāϜ;
ā§Ģ⧍ā§Ļ. āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϚ āχāĻžā§āϜāĻŋāύ⧇āϰ āϜāύāĻ•- āĻāϞāĻžāύ āĻāĻŽāϟāĻžāϜ;
ā§Ģ⧍⧧. āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻžāϤāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāύ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻĒāϞ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻžāϤāĻž- āĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ­ āϜāĻŦāϏ (āϏāĻžāύāĻĢā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋāϏāϕ⧋, āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāϰāĻžāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϰ);
ā§Ģ⧍⧍. āĻĒāĻžāĻžā§āϚ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ•- āĻœā§‹āϏ⧇āĻĢ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧀ āĻœā§āϝāĻžāϕ⧁āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄ;
ā§Ģā§¨ā§Š. āϞāĻ—āĻžāϰāĻŋāĻĻāĻŽ āĻāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ•- āϜāύ āύ⧇āĻĒāĻŋāϝāĻŧāĻžāϰ.

⧍ā§Ŧā§ĻāϟāĻŋ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻŋāώ⧟āĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻļā§āύ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āϏāĻš (āϝ⧇ āϕ⧋āύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāϞāĻŋ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ)- PDF āϏāĻš
ā§§) āϤāĻĨā§āϝ⧇āϰ āĻ•ā§āώ⧁āĻĻā§āϰāϤāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻ• – āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž
⧍) āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻž āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ – āĻĢā§āϝāĻžāĻ•ā§āϟ
ā§Š) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļ⧇āώ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ⧇ āĻĄā§‡āϟāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨāĻŦāĻš āĻ•āϰāĻžāχ- āχāύāĻĢāϰāĻŽā§‡āĻļāύ
ā§Ē) āϤāĻĨā§āϝ=āωāĻĒāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϤ+āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āώāĻŋāϤ+āĻ…āĻ°ā§āĻĨ
ā§Ģ) āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻŦāĻŋāϤāϰāĻŖ, āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāϪ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ – āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ
ā§Ŧ) ICT in Education Program āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļ āĻ•āϰ⧇ – UNESCO
ā§­) āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āϭ⧇āϤāϰ āφāϛ⧇ – āĻ…āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝ āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāύ⧀
ā§Ž) āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āϏāĻ‚āϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻŖ, āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āϞ⧇āώāĻŖ āĻāĻŦāĻ‚ āĻ‰ā§ŽāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ – āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ
⧝) āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϗ⧁āϰ⧁āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖ āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰ⧇ – ā§ĒāϟāĻŋ
ā§§ā§Ļ) āĻŽāύ⧋ āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝ā§Ēā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§§ā§§) āĻ¸ā§āĻŸā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ“ āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧧⧍) āϏāĻžāϰāĻžāĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻĢāĻāĻŽ āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋ 87.5-108.0 Hz
ā§§ā§Š) Radio Communication System āĻ āĻŦā§āϰāĻĄāĻ•āĻžāĻ¸ā§āϟāĻŋāĻ‚ – ā§Š āϧāϰāϪ⧇āϰ
ā§§ā§Ē) PAL āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧂āĻĒ â€“ Phase Alternation by Line
ā§§ā§Ģ) āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āĻŦ⧇āϏāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰāĻŋ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞ -ā§Ēā§§āϟāĻŋ
ā§§ā§Ŧ) āĻĒ⧃āĻĨāĻŋāĻŦā§€āϰ āĻŦ⧃āĻšāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŽ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ• – āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ
ā§§ā§­) āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ – ARPANET āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ (⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝)
ā§§ā§Ž) ARPANET āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•āĻŋāύ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϰāĻ•ā§āώāĻž āĻŦāĻŋāĻ­āĻžāĻ—
⧧⧝) āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ – ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧍ā§Ļ) ARPANETāĻ TCP/IP āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ – ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧍⧧) NSFNET āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ – ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ŧ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧍⧍) ARPANET āĻŦāĻ¨ā§āϧ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝⧝ā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§¨ā§Š) āϏāĻŦāĻžāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āωāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻšā§Ÿ – ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¯ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧍ā§Ē) ISOC āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ āĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝⧝⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧍ā§Ģ) āĻŦāĻžāĻ‚āϞāĻžāĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇ āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āϟ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ⧀ āĻĒā§āϰāĻžā§Ÿ ā§Ģāϕ⧋āϟāĻŋ ⧍⧍āϞāĻžāĻ– (ā§Šā§¨%)
⧍ā§Ŧ) āχāĻ¨ā§āϟāĻžāϰāύ⧇āĻŸā§‡āϰ āĻĒāϰ⧀āĻ•ā§āώāĻžāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻžā§Ÿ ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝-ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š
⧍⧭) āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ – āĻāĻ•āĻŽā§‚āĻ–ā§€ āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻž
ā§¨ā§Ž) “Global Village” āĻ“ “The Medium is the Message” āĻāϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻžāĻŦāĻ• – āĻŽāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻļāĻžāϞ āĻŽā§āϝāĻžāĻ•āϞ⧁āĻšāĻžāύ (⧧⧝⧧⧧-ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ)
⧍⧝) The Gutenberg : The Making Typographic Man āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§Šā§Ļ) Understanding Media āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāĻļāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ – ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ē āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§Šā§§) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋ – āύāĻŋāϰāĻžāĻĒāĻĻ āϤāĻĨā§āϝ āφāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ
ā§Šā§¨) āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦāĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻŽā§‡āϰ⧁āĻĻāĻŖā§āĻĄ – āĻ•āĻžāύ⧇āĻ•āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋāϟāĻŋ
ā§Šā§Š) āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āĻĻāĻŋā§Ÿā§‡ āĻ—āĻžāĻŖāĻŋāϤāĻŋāĻ• āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āĻ“ āϏāĻŋāĻĻā§āϧāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϤāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻŽā§‚āϞāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāϜ āĻ•āϰāĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ
ā§Šā§Ē) āĻŦāĻ°ā§āϤāĻŽāĻžāύ āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻœā§āĻžāĻžāύ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻ­āĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāĻžāϰ – āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āĻŦāϏāĻžāχāϟ
ā§Šā§Ģ) EHRāĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ â€“ Electronic Heath Records
ā§Šā§Ŧ) āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāϏ⧇āϰ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŽ āĻ¸ā§āĻŦ⧟āĻ‚āĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟ āĻ•āϰāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞ⧇ – āĻ…āĻĢāĻŋāϏ āĻ…āĻŸā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻļāύ
ā§Šā§­) IT+Entertainment = Xbox
ā§Šā§Ž) IT+Telecommunication = iPod
ā§Šā§¯) IT+Consumer Electronics= Vaio
ā§Ēā§Ļ) āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āĻĨāĻžāĻ•āĻŦ⧇ – ā§ĢāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ⧇
ā§Ēā§§āĨ¤ āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āĻŦ⧁āĻĻā§āϧāĻŋāĻŽāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻž āĻĒā§āĻ°ā§Ÿā§‹āϗ⧇āϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ – āĻĒā§āϰ⧋āĻ—ā§āϰāĻžāĻŽāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāĻ‚āĻ—ā§ā§Ÿā§‡āϜ
ā§Ē⧍āĨ¤āϰ⧋āĻŦāĻŸā§‡āϰ āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ- Power System, Actuator, Sensor, Manipulation
ā§Ēā§ŠāĨ¤PCB āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧂āĻĒ â€“ Printed Circuit Board
ā§Ēā§ĒāĨ¤āĻ–ā§āϰāĻŋāĻˇā§āϟāĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŦ ⧍ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āĻ¤ā§āĻŦāϕ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻžā§Ÿ āĻļā§€āϤāϞ āϤāĻžāĻĒāĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻž āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧋ – āĻŽāĻŋāĻļāĻ°ā§€ā§ŸāϰāĻž
ā§Ēā§ĢāĨ¤āύ⧇āĻĒā§‹āϞāĻŋ⧟āύ⧇āϰ āϚāĻŋāĻ•āĻŋā§ŽāϏāĻ• āĻ›āĻŋāϞ⧇āύ – āĻĄāĻŽāĻŋāύāĻŋāĻ• āĻœā§āϝāĻž āĻ˛ā§āϝāĻžāϰāĻŋ
ā§Ēā§ŦāĨ¤āĻŽāĻšāĻžāĻļā§‚āĻ¨ā§āϝ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŋāϤ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—ā§āϰāĻš – āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧁āϟāύāĻŋāĻ•-ā§§
ā§Ēā§­āĨ¤āϚāĻžāρāĻĻ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŽāĻžāύ⧁āώ āĻĒ⧌āρāϛ⧇ – ⧍ā§ĻāϜ⧁āϞāĻžāχ, ⧧⧝ā§Ŧ⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§Ēā§ŽāĨ¤MRP āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ â€“ Manufacturing Resource Planning
ā§Ē⧝āĨ¤UAV āĻ‰ā§œāϤ⧇ āϏāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ ā§§ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•āĻŋ.āĻŽāĻŋ. āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ
ā§Ģā§ĻāĨ¤GPS āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ â€“ Global Positioning System
ā§Ģā§§āĨ¤āĻŦā§āϝāĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ āϏāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āϰāϪ⧇ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ -āĻŦāĻžā§Ÿā§‹āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ
ā§Ģ⧍āĨ¤āĻšā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄ āϜāĻŋāĻ“āĻŽā§‡āĻŸā§āϰāĻŋ āϰāĻŋāĻĄāĻžāϰ āĻĒāϰāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻžāϰ⧇ – ā§Šā§§ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ+ āĻĒā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϟ
ā§Ģā§ŠāĨ¤āφāχāϰāĻŋāϏ āϏāύāĻžāĻ•ā§āϤāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋāϤ⧇ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϞāĻžāϗ⧇ -ā§§ā§Ļ-ā§§ā§Ģ āϏ⧇āϕ⧇āĻ¨ā§āĻĄ
ā§Ģā§ĒāĨ¤Bioinformatics āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ – Paulien Hogeweg
ā§Ģā§ĢāĨ¤Bioinformatics āĻāϰ āϜāύāĻ• – Margaret Oakley Dayhaff
ā§Ģā§ŦāĨ¤āĻāĻ• āϏ⧇āϟ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āύāĻžāĻ™ā§āĻ— āĻœā§€āύāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ – āϜāĻŋāύ⧋āĻŽ
ā§Ģā§­āĨ¤Genetic Engineering āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ – Jack Williamson l
ā§Ģā§ŽāĨ¤ āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻŽā§āĻŦāĻŋāύāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϟ āĻĄāĻŋāĻāύāĻ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻ•āϰ⧇āύ – Paul Berg(1972)
ā§Ģ⧝āĨ¤āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻœā§‡āύāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§āϰāĻžāĻŖāĻŋ- āχāρāĻĻ⧁āϰ (1974)
ā§Ŧā§ĻāĨ¤āĻŦāĻŋāĻļā§āĻŦ⧇āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ Genetic Engineering Company – Genetech(1976)
ā§Ŧā§§āĨ¤GMO āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ â€“ Genetically Modified Organism
ā§Ŧ⧍āĨ¤āĻĒāĻžāϰāĻŽāĻžāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŦāĻž āφāύāĻŦāĻŋāĻ• āĻŽāĻžāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻžāϰ āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ•ā§āώāĻŽ āĻ•ā§ŒāĻļāϞ – āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāύ⧋āĻŸā§‡āĻ•āύ⧋āϞāϜāĻŋ
ā§Ŧā§ŠāĨ¤āĻ…āύ⧁āϰ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻĻ⧇āĻ–āĻž āϝāĻžā§Ÿ – āĻ¸ā§āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāύāĻŋāĻ‚ āϟāĻžāύ⧇āϞāĻŋāĻ‚ āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻ¸ā§āϕ⧋āĻĒ⧇
ā§Ŧā§ĒāĨ¤Computer Ethics Institute āĻāϰ āύāĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻ⧇āĻļāύāĻž – ā§§ā§ĻāϟāĻŋ
ā§Ŧā§ĢāĨ¤āĻŦā§āϰ⧇āχāϞ āĻ›āĻžā§œāĻž āĻ…āĻ¨ā§āϧāĻĻ⧇āϰ āĻĒ⧜āĻžāϰ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ – Screen Magnification / Screen Reading Software
ā§Ŧā§ŦāĨ¤āϝ⧋āĻ—āĻžāϝ⧋āĻ— āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§āϰāĻŋ⧟āĻžāϰ āĻŽā§ŒāϞāĻŋāĻ• āωāĻĒāĻžāĻĻāĻžāύ – ā§ĢāϟāĻŋ
ā§Ŧā§­āĨ¤āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒāĻŋāĻĄāϕ⧇ āĻŦāϞāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ – Bandwidth
ā§Ŧā§ŽāĨ¤Bandwidth āĻŽāĻžāĻĒāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ – bps āĻ
ā§Ŧ⧝āĨ¤āĻ¨ā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧋ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ 45-300 bps
ā§­ā§ĻāĨ¤āĻ­ā§Ÿā§‡āϏ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ 9600 bps
ā§­ā§§āĨ¤āĻŦā§āϰāĻĄāĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ- 1 Mbps
⧭⧍āĨ¤āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŦāĻžāχ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāĻžāϰ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ- āĻāϏāĻŋāύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āύāĻžāϏ
ā§­ā§ŠāĨ¤āϏāĻŋāύāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āύāĻžāϏ āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ⧇ āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋ āĻŦā§āϞāϕ⧇ āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāϰ⧇āĻ•ā§āϟāĻžāϰ ā§Žā§Ļ-ā§§ā§Šā§¨āϟāĻŋ
ā§­ā§ĒāĨ¤āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŽāĻŋāĻļāύ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄ- ā§Š āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻāĻ¨ā§āĻĄā§āϰāϝāĻŧ⧇āĻĄ āĻ…ā§āϝāĻžāĻĒ - āϜāĻŦ āϏāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧁āϞāĻžāϰ
ā§­ā§ĢāĨ¤āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ- āϏāĻŋāĻŽāĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄ
ā§­ā§ŦāĨ¤āωāϭ⧟ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ, āϤāĻŦ⧇ āĻāĻ• āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āύ⧟- āĻšāĻžāĻĢ āĻĄā§āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄ
ā§­ā§­āĨ¤āĻāĻ•āχ āϏāĻžāĻĨ⧇ āωāϭ⧟ āĻĻāĻŋāϕ⧇ āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āϰāĻŖ – āĻĢ⧁āϞ āĻĄā§āĻĒā§āϞ⧇āĻ•ā§āϏ āĻŽā§‹āĻĄ
ā§­ā§ŽāĨ¤āĻ•ā§āϝāĻžāĻŦāϞ āϤ⧈āϰāĻŋ āĻšā§Ÿ- āĻĒāϰāĻžāĻŦ⧈āĻĻā§āϝ⧁āϤāĻŋāĻ•(Dielectric) āĻĒāĻĻāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻžāϰāĻž
⧭⧝āĨ¤Co-axial Cable āĻ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ 200 Mbps āĻĒāĻ°ā§āϝāĻ¨ā§āϤ
ā§Žā§ĻāĨ¤Twisted Pair Cable āĻ āϤāĻžāϰ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇- 4 āĻœā§‹ā§œāĻž
ā§Žā§§āĨ¤Fiber Optic- Light signal āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŽāĻŋāϟ āĻ•āϰ⧇
ā§Žā§¨āĨ¤āĻŽāĻžāχāĻ•ā§āϰ⧋āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āϭ⧇āϰ āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋ āϰ⧇āĻžā§āϜ 300 MHz – 30 GHz
ā§Žā§ŠāĨ¤āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—ā§āϰāĻšā§‡āϰ āωāĻĻā§āĻ­āĻŦ āϘāĻŸā§‡- ⧧⧝ā§Ģā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāϕ⧇
ā§Žā§ĒāĨ¤Geosynchronous Satellite āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻĒāĻŋāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ- ⧧⧝ā§Ŧā§Ļ āĻāϰ āĻĻāĻļāϕ⧇
ā§Žā§ĢāĨ¤āĻ•ā§ƒāĻ¤ā§āϰāĻŋāĻŽ āωāĻĒāĻ—ā§āϰāĻš āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇ āĻ­ā§‚-āĻĒ⧃āĻˇā§āĻ  āĻšāϤ⧇ ā§Šā§Ŧā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•āĻŋ.āĻŽāĻŋ. āωāĻ°ā§āĻ§ā§āĻŦ⧇
ā§Žā§ŦāĨ¤Bluetooth āĻāϰ āϰ⧇āĻžā§āϜ 10 -100 Meter
ā§Žā§­āĨ¤Wi-fi āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ- Wireless Fidelity
ā§Žā§ŽāĨ¤Wi-fi āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ- 54 Mbps
ā§Žā§¯āĨ¤WiMax āĻļāĻŦā§āĻĻāϟāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ- ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧝ā§ĻāĨ¤WiMax āĻāϰ āĻĒā§‚āĻ°ā§āĻŖāϰ⧁āĻĒ- Worlwide Interoperabilty for Microwave Access
⧝⧧āĨ¤ā§ĒāĻ°ā§āĻĨ āĻĒā§āϰāϜāĻ¨ā§āĻŽā§‡āϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤāĻŋ- WiMax
⧝⧍āĨ¤WiMax āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ- 75 Mbps
ā§¯ā§ŠāĨ¤FDMA = Frequency Division Multiple Access
⧝ā§ĒāĨ¤CDMA = Code Division Multiple Access
⧝ā§ĢāĨ¤āĻŽā§‹āĻŦāĻžāχāϞ⧇āϰ āĻŽā§‚āϞ āĻ…āĻ‚āĻļ- ā§ŠāϟāĻŋ
⧝ā§ŦāĨ¤SIM = Subscriber Identity Module
⧝⧭āĨ¤GSM = Global System for Mobile Communication
ā§¯ā§ŽāĨ¤GSM āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āύāĻžāĻŽāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ- ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§¨ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
⧝⧝āĨ¤GSM āĻāϰ āĻšā§āϝāĻžāύ⧇āϞ- ⧧⧍ā§ĒāϟāĻŋ (āĻĒā§āϰāϤāĻŋāϟāĻŋ 200 KHz)
ā§§ā§Ļā§ĻāĨ¤GSM āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋ- 4 āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ
ā§§ā§Ļā§§.GSM āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ ā§¨ā§§ā§ŽāϟāĻŋ āĻĻ⧇āĻļ⧇
ā§§ā§Ļ⧍.GSM 3G āĻāϰ āϜāĻ¨ā§āϝ āĻĒā§āϰāϝ⧋āĻœā§āϝ
ā§§ā§Ļā§Š.GSM āĻ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĻā§āĻ¯ā§ā§Ž āĻ–āϰāϚ āĻ—ā§œā§‡ ⧍āĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāϟ
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ē.CDMA āφāĻŦāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻ•āĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ Qualcom(⧧⧝⧝ā§Ģ)
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ģ.āϰ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āϭ⧇āϰ āĻĢā§āϰāĻŋāĻ•ā§ā§Ÿā§‡āĻ¨ā§āϏāĻŋ āϰ⧇āĻžā§āϜ 10 KHz-1GHz
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ŧ.āϰ⧇āĻĄāĻŋāĻ“ āĻ“ā§Ÿā§‡āϭ⧇āϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ 24Kbps
ā§§ā§Ļā§­.CDMA 3G āϤ⧇ āĻĒāĻž āϰāĻžāϖ⧇ ⧧⧝⧝⧝ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§§ā§Ļā§Ž.CDMA āĻĄāĻžāϟāĻž āĻĒā§āϰāĻĻāĻžāύ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒā§āϰ⧇āĻĄ āĻ¸ā§āĻĒ⧇āĻ•āĻŸā§āϰāĻžāĻŽā§‡
ā§§ā§Ļ⧝.1G AMPS āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻ•āϰāĻž āĻšā§Ÿ ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Š āϏāĻžāϞ⧇ āωāĻ¤ā§āϤāϰ āφāĻŽā§‡āϰāĻŋāĻ•āĻžā§Ÿ
ā§§ā§§ā§Ļ.āϏāĻ°ā§āĻŦāĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĒā§āϰāĻŋāĻĒ⧇āχāĻĄ āĻĒāĻĻā§āϧāϤāĻŋ āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ 2G āϤ⧇
ā§§ā§§ā§§.MMS āĻ“ SMS āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ 2G āϤ⧇
⧧⧧⧍.3G āϚāĻžāϞ⧁ āĻšā§Ÿ ⧧⧝⧝⧍ āϏāĻžāϞ⧇
ā§§ā§§ā§Š.3G āĻāϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāωāχāĻĨ 2MHz
ā§§ā§§ā§Ē.3G Mobile āĻĒā§āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ āĻ•āϰ⧇ āϜāĻžāĻĒāĻžāύ⧇āϰ NTT Docomo (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§§)
ā§§ā§§ā§Ģ.4G āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύ āĻŦ⧈āĻļāĻŋāĻˇā§āĻŸā§āϝ IP āĻ­āĻŋāĻ¤ā§āϤāĻŋāĻ• āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇āϰ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšāĻžāϰ
ā§§ā§§ā§Ŧ.4G āĻāϰ āĻ—āϤāĻŋ 3G āĻāϰ āĻšā§‡ā§Ÿā§‡ ā§Ģā§Ļ āϗ⧁āĻŖ āĻŦ⧇āĻļāĻŋ
ā§§ā§§ā§­.4G āĻāϰ āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•ā§ƒāϤ āĻŦā§āϝāĻžāĻ¨ā§āĻĄāωāχāĻĨ 10Mbps
ā§§ā§§ā§Ž.āϟāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻŽāĻŋāύāĻžāϞ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ
⧧⧧⧝.āϭ⧌āĻ—āϞāĻŋāĻ•āĻ­āĻžāĻŦ⧇ āĻ•āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻŋāωāϟāĻžāϰ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•- ā§Ē āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ
⧧⧍ā§Ļ.PAN āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
⧧⧍⧧.PAN āĻāϰ āϧāĻžāϰāĻŖāĻž āĻĻ⧇āύ āĻĨāĻŽāĻžāϏ āϜāĻŋāĻŽāĻžāϰāĻŽā§āϝāĻžāύ
⧧⧍⧍.LAN āϏ⧀āĻŽāĻžāĻŦāĻĻā§āϧ ā§§ā§Ļ āĻ•āĻŋāϞ⧋āĻŽāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ⧇āϰ āĻŽāĻ§ā§āϝ⧇
ā§§ā§¨ā§Š.LAN āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšā§Ÿ Co-axial Cable
⧧⧍ā§Ē.āϕ⧇āĻŦāϞ āϟāĻŋāĻ­āĻŋ āύ⧇āϟāĻ“ā§ŸāĻžāĻ°ā§āĻ•- MAN
⧧⧍ā§Ģ.NIC=Network Interface Card
⧧⧍ā§Ŧ.NIC āĻ•āĻžāĻ°ā§āĻĄā§‡āϰ āϕ⧋āĻĄā§‡ āĻŦāĻŋāϟ āϏāĻ‚āĻ–ā§āϝāĻž-48
⧧⧍⧭.āĻŽāĻĄā§‡āĻŽ āĻĻ⧁āχ āϧāϰāύ⧇āϰ
ā§§ā§¨ā§Ž.Hub āĻšāϞ āĻĻ⧁āĻ‡ā§Ÿā§‡āϰ āĻ…āϧāĻŋāĻ• āĻĒā§‹āĻ°ā§āϟāϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āϰāĻŋāĻĒāĻŋāϟāĻžāϰ
⧧⧍⧝.āĻ¸ā§āĻŦāύāĻžāĻŽāϧāĻ¨ā§āϝ āϰāĻžāωāϟāĻžāϰ āϕ⧋āĻŽā§āĻĒāĻžāύāĻŋ- Cisco
ā§§ā§Šā§Ļ.āĻŦā§āϰāĻŋāϜ āĻĒā§āϰāϧāĻžāύāϤ ā§Š āĻĒā§āϰāĻ•āĻžāϰ
ā§§ā§Šā§§.āύ⧇āϟāĻ“āϝāĻŧāĻžāĻ°ā§āϕ⧇ PC āϝ⧇ āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¨ā§āĻĻ⧁āϤ⧇ āϝ⧁āĻ•ā§āϤ āĻĨāĻžāϕ⧇, āϤāĻžāϕ⧇ āύ⧋āĻĄ āĻŦāϞ⧇āĨ¤
ā§§ā§Šā§¨.Office Management-āĻ āĻŦā§āϝāĻŦāĻšā§ƒāϤ āĻšāϝāĻŧ- Tree Topology

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