16/05/2026
In 1996, 15.6% of adults in Addis Ababa were living with HIV. One in six people in the capital.
Ethiopia’s first HIV case was detected in 1984. Its first AIDS case followed in 1986. What happened in the years between is one of the most important and least told chapters in the country’s modern history.
The epidemic did not spread randomly. It followed the roads.
Long-distance truck drivers, soldiers, and commercial s*x workers along Ethiopia’s major trade routes became the first communities heavily affected. Infection rates reached as high as 55% in some groups by the late 1980s.
From the highways, it moved into cities. From cities, it moved into families.
By 2003, the national infection rate had reached 4.4%.
In Addis Ababa and other urban areas, it was far higher.
AIDS had become the leading cause of death among Ethiopian adults.
Treatment existed, but for many, the fear of being known was heavier than the fear of the disease itself.
Ethiopia did not wait for the silence to lift on its own.
It created a campaign to break it.