Interesting facts about histor

20/09/2022

09/09/2022

Rare white giraffes are not albinos

For the first time that white giraffes are found in nature, Charles Foley, a researcher from the Society for the Protection of Wildlife, heard in 1993 from a report read in Tarangire National Park in Tanzania. After that, the scientist searched for this animal for 12 years during his daily work in the national park. And in 2005, his persistence was crowned with success: Charles conducted aerial photography of elephants and saw something white through the trees. It was later revealed that it was a white giraffe, an animal with a much lighter color than its fellows that walk beside it in the wild. Of course, Charles Foley is not the only person who managed to photograph a white giraffe, but still there are not many such people.

The so-called white giraffe is extremely rare in nature. According to Charles Foley, this giraffe is not albino, but it may have leukism, a mutation that causes pigment cells to be absent in the animal's body. As a rule, with this mutation, pigment cells do not develop either on the entire surface of the animal's outer coat, or on individual parts of the body. The difference between leukism and albinism lies in the fact that in the case of the latter, the production of melanin in the skin - a natural dark pigment - is reduced, although melanocytes, the cells that produce this pigment, are present.

In addition to giraffes and other mammals, this mutation is found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and even fish.

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09/09/2022

Interesting facts about Loch Ness

There are many lakes on Earth, in which, according to ancient tales and legends, mysterious creatures live. In some stories, they are dragons, in others - giant snakes, in others - terrible ten-fingered monsters with one eye and a huge horn. Some legends exist only in ancient manuscripts yellowed by time, others still live in the stories of eyewitnesses. Perhaps the most famous on Earth is the Scottish lake Loch Ness. It is located in the North Scottish Highlands at the bottom of a narrow and long depression. Its width is one and a half kilometers, length is 40 kilometers, and the greatest depth is 238 meters.

According to ancient legends, a monster resembling a huge sea snake supposedly lives in the lake. The chronicle of the year 565 reports that a church minister saw this creature eating killed animals on the shore.

It is also said that in 1927 the peasant Campbell tragically died in a duel with a lake monster that was ravaging his homestead.

In 1933, rocks were blown up during the construction of a highway along the shore of the lake. According to local residents, the explosions alarmed the monster, and it began to appear frequently on the surface. After that, Nessie, as the snake was called, was seen by many people. In 1934 and 1966, it was allegedly even photographed.

Later, the lake was probed by a sound locator. The results showed: there are some bodies moving at high speed in it. But even now, Loch Ness researchers cannot state unequivocally what the devices recorded.

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03/09/2022

History and interesting facts about the holiday of March 8

This holiday arose as a day of struggle for women's rights. On March 8, 1857, women workers of sewing and shoe factories gathered for a demonstration in New York. They demanded a 10-hour working day, bright and dry working premises, equal wages with men. At that time, women worked 16 hours a day, receiving pennies for their work. The men managed to achieve the introduction of a 10-hour working day after decisive performances. Trade unions have emerged at many enterprises in the United States. And so, after March 8, 1857, another one was formed - for the first time, women became its members. On this day, in many cities of New York, hundreds of women demonstrated, demanding that they be given the right to vote.

In 1910, at the International Conference of Socialist Women in Copenhagen, Clara Zetkin made a proposal to celebrate International Women's Day on March 8, which sounded like a call to all women in the world to join the fight for equality. Responding to this call, women of many countries join the fight against poverty, for the right to work, respect for their dignity, and for peace. In 1911, this holiday was first celebrated on March 19 in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland. Then more than a million men and women took part in the demonstrations. In addition to the right to elect and hold leadership positions, women sought equal industrial rights with men.

International Women's Day, March 8, became a public holiday from the first years of Soviet power. In 1965, March 8 became a day off in the USSR. And in 1977, the holiday became truly international - the UN adopted resolution 32/142, calling on all countries to declare March 8 as the day of struggle for women's rights - International Women's Day. There was also his festive ritual. On this day, at solemn events, the state reported to society on the implementation of state policy in relation to women. Gradually, International Women's Day in the country lost its political color.

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, March 8 remained in the list of public holidays of the Russian Federation. International Women's Day is also celebrated in the CIS countries: in Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Belarus as International Women's Day; in Uzbekistan as Mother's Day; in Armenia it is celebrated on April 7 as the Day of Motherhood and Beauty.

Interesting Facts
The women's holiday was still in ancient Rome. There was a day when free-born women received gifts from their husbands, and slaves had something like a day off - the housewives allowed them to rest on this day. Why not a day of women's solidarity!

March 8 is also a national holiday in Angola, Burkina Faso, Guinea-Bissau, Cambodia, China, Congo (there is a holiday not for "international" but Congolese women), Laos, Macedonia, Mongolia, Nepal, North Korea and Uganda.

In Syria, March 8 is celebrated as the Day of the Revolution, and in Liberia - as the Day of Remembrance of the Fallen.

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31/08/2022

The largest submarine in the world

By the early 1970s, the main participants in the nuclear race, the USSR and the USA, quite reasonably made a bet on the development of a nuclear submarine fleet equipped with intercontinental ballistic missiles. As a result of this confrontation, the world's largest submarine was born.
Opposing parties began to create nuclear heavy missile cruisers. The American project - nuclear submarine of the "Ohio" type assumed the placement of 24 intercontinental ballistic missiles. Our answer was the submarine of project 941, conventionally named "Shark", better known as "Typhoon".

Layout and dimensions

The size and layout of the nuclear submarine giant deserve special attention. Under the shell of the light hull was a not quite ordinary "catamaran" consisting of 2 strong hulls located in parallel. Hermetic capsule-type compartments were created for the torpedo compartment and the central post with the adjacent radio equipment compartment.

In the event of the boat floating out from under the ice, a significant strengthening of the conning tower with a rounded cover and special reinforcements was provided.

"Shark" impresses with its gigantic size. It is not for nothing that it is considered the largest submarine in the world: its length - almost 173 meters corresponds to two football fields. As for underwater tonnage, there was also a record here - about 50,000 tons, which is almost three times higher than the corresponding characteristic of the American "Ohio".

Characteristics

The underwater speed of the main competitors was the same - 25 knots (a little more than 43 km / h). The Soviet nuclear submarine could be on duty in autonomous mode for six months, diving to a depth of 400 meters and having an additional 100 meters in reserve.

To power this monster, it was equipped with two 190-megawatt nuclear reactors, which drove two turbines with a capacity of about 50 thousand hp. The boat moved thanks to two 7-bladed propellers with a diameter of more than 5.5 meters.

The "combat vehicle crew" consisted of 160 people, more than a third of whom were officers. The creators of "Shark" showed true parental concern for the living conditions of the crew. 2- and 4-person cabins were provided for officers. Sailors and foremen were housed in small cubicles with wash basins and televisions. Air conditioning was supplied to all residential premises. In their free time from watch, crew members could visit the swimming pool, sauna, gym or relax in the "living" corner.

Combat potential

In the event of a nuclear conflict, the Typhoon could launch 20 R-39 nuclear missiles, each with ten 200-kt separate warheads, at the enemy. Such a nuclear "typhoon" could turn the entire eastern coast of the USA into a desert in a matter of minutes.

In addition to ballistic missiles, the boat's arsenal included more than two dozen conventional and reactive torpedoes, as well as the Golka MANPADS. The transport ship "Alexander Brikin" with a displacement of 16,000 tons and designed to carry 16 SLBMs was specially designed to equip the Typhoon with missiles and torpedoes.

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29/08/2022

What else made last year 2020 sad: it was never so hot before

People celebrated the end of 2020 with full confidence that it would not get any worse. The year was marked not only by the pandemic, the transition to "telecommuting" and "remote work", a powerful economic shock, but also by large-scale environmental problems. Over the past few months, we have talked time and time again about the signs that global warming is progressing in leaps and bounds. And now we have a more complete picture of what's going on, which reveals another problem of the past year.

What scientists discovered

Statistically, 2020 was the hottest year on record for which we have meteorological data. The average temperature of the Earth has increased by 1.5 degrees compared to what it was in the 19th century. Then the temperature was about 13 degrees. And 2020 shared its primacy with 2016, which was also marked by abnormal heat.

In 2019, the temperature was 0.4 degrees lower, and although this may not be such a noticeable change to us, it still affects the environment. In addition, the averaged indicators are good in the long dynamics, but in the short they give a rather blurry picture. So, in the Arctic, the temperature jump was 6 degrees. Organisms beneficial to nature especially suffer from this. For example, as soon as the water in the ocean or any body of water warms up, living things die. This then leads to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the air, starting an almost unstoppable process that is more like a cycle.

On the other hand, in 2020, the world did not come together, and literally everything says that the temperature will only increase in the future. Almost every last year has been warmer. And this is taking into account the fact that high indicators were demonstrated in 2020 during the La Niña period - a special cooling effect that lowers the temperature of the ocean at the equator, thereby reducing the temperature in general. However, if 2016 was a period of the opposite phenomenon that warms the oceans - El Nino, then in 2020, unfortunately, everything turned out the other way around, which is just another alarm bell.

What happens next

It is necessary to understand that the temperature consists of a huge number of factors, and the global temperature change does not work within the framework of the year. As a rule, climatologists count data for decades, as this more concretely demonstrates the dynamics. But the fact that there was hot weather in 2020 does not mean that it will continue in 2021. Everything depends on so many things that we can reliably predict. However, there is no doubt that it will only get hotter in the new decade.

And what events of the past year do you remember?

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26/08/2022

Why women in Russia could not eat cherries

Today, cherry is considered a popular garden crop throughout Ukraine. In addition to its excellent taste, cherries are also very useful, because they help strengthen the immune system and are rich in vitamins necessary for the body. Now it is hard to imagine that in Russia women could not eat this berry.

An ancient myth

For the first time, the ancient Romans began to grow cherries, and it is mentioned that they grew not one or two types of plants, but about a dozen. Thus, cherry has been loved by people since ancient times, because the breeding of new varieties was done quite seriously.
However, in Russia it was forbidden for women of childbearing age to eat it until the day of David the Strawberry, that is, almost until the end of the first month of summer, according to the then calendar. The thing is that our ancestors forbade women to eat absolutely all berries with red juice. This tradition was based on the persistent association of berry juice with the mother's blood, and the consumption of this product could lead to undesirable consequences.
It was believed that the children of a woman who ate cherries before the due date would be doomed to death. Interestingly, not all regions had a single date after which berries could be eaten. Yes, some allowed to eat the delicacy from June 15 - right after the day of St. Vitus.

The benefits of berries

Of course, many Slavic myths were devoid of common sense, but in this case, everything turned out to be quite the opposite. Expectant mothers are not only not forbidden, but also strongly recommended to eat this berry, because it is full of various elements that contribute to the development of strong immunity.
Moreover, it is advisable to use cherry for those people who have problems in connection with the formation of blood clots. Yes, this berry contains a large amount of vitamin PP, which protects blood vessels from the effects of cholesterol.
In addition, cherries perfectly satisfy hunger, and also provide a feeling of satiety for a relatively long time. With caution, it is advised to take it only to people with diabetes, due to the presence of a large amount of sugar in it.

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