26/02/2026
BLEPHARITIS
What Is Blepharitis?
Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelid margins that causes redness, swelling, irritation, and discomfort.
It is a common and often chronic condition, typically associated with bacterial overgrowth, dysfunction of the oil (meibomian) glands, or underlying skin disorders.
Pathophysiology
Blepharitis usually develops when:
•Excess bacteria accumulate along the eyelid margin
•Meibomian (oil) glands become blocked or dysfunctional
•Underlying skin conditions (e.g., seborrheic dermatitis or rosacea) trigger inflammation
These factors disrupt the normal tear film and lead to eyelid irritation and chronic inflammation.
Common Causes:
•Bacterial overgrowth along the eyelid margins
•Blocked or dysfunctional meibomian glands
•Seborrheic dermatitis
•Rosacea
•Allergic reactions
•Inadequate eyelid hygiene
Signs & Symptoms:
•Red, swollen, or itchy eyelids
•Crusting at the base of the eyelashes
•Flaking or oily debris on the lashes
•Burning or gritty sensation in the eyes
•Watery eyes or sticky yellow discharge
•Eyelash dandruff
•Eyelash loss or misdirection
Possible Complications:
If left untreated, blepharitis may lead to:
•Chronic eye irritation
•Recurrent styes (hordeolum)
•Chalazion (blocked oil gland cyst)
•Conjunctivitis
•Abnormal eyelash growth or loss
Treatment Options:
Management focuses on controlling inflammation and improving eyelid hygiene:
•Warm compresses to loosen debris and improve gland function
•Eyelid cleansing (lid scrubs)
•Topical antibiotic ointments (if bacterial infection is suspected)
•Short-term steroid eye drops (for significant inflammation, under medical supervision)
•Artificial tears to relieve dryness and irritation
Prevention & Maintenance:
•Practice daily eyelid hygiene
•Manage underlying skin conditions
•Remove eye makeup thoroughly before sleep
•Avoid rubbing the eyes
•Replace old eye cosmetics regularly