Different

18/01/2023

Unusual diseases of the world

Probably, each of us would like to believe that soon a cure for all diseases will be created, but there is no such thing yet. There is a huge number of diseases with which humanity is fighting - HIV, cancer, ZIK and many others. And probably in the near future, drugs will be created, because huge resources are spent on this.

Some diseases can be overcome by yourself - these are weak forms of SARS or other mild diseases, and to overcome other, more serious diseases, you have to try very hard, like Valentyn Ivanovich Dykul, who dreamed of being a circus performer since childhood, and when his dream came true, so did his career had to go uphill, at the age of 14, while performing another trick on a rope at a height of 13 meters, he fell and injured his spine, after which his legs became paralyzed. He was faced with a choice: either to remain disabled for the rest of his life or to find a way out of this situation - he chose the second and, having no idea about human anatomy, began to train the muscles of the back, neck, arms, and shoulders. Then he decided to use the paralyzed legs and with the help of a special device began to pump the muscles of the legs. What a surprise it was when his legs began to recover, and at 21 he was already performing back-breaking numbers in the circus on his feet, lifting incredible weight.

But such a will is not given to everyone, therefore, in case of any damage, painstaking treatment and observation by specialists is necessary.

You and I have listed the diseases that the whole world is struggling with, which can be overcome by willpower and which are better fought under the supervision of specialists. And there are diseases with which only 1-2 people on the planet are ill, and the medicine against them has not been invented and most likely will not be invented, we will talk about them.

1. Exploding head syndrome - a disease with this name does not entail an actual explosion of the head, but is constantly accompanied by non-painful sensations, mainly - a person hears various sounds of crackling, noise, clicking, etc. This disease is not permanent - usually a person suffering from this disease, after falling asleep, stops hearing them.

2. Speech disorder syndrome - a person who has received a brain injury - begins to speak with a different intonation, speed, so it feels like he is a foreigner and is trying to speak our language. Throughout history, there have been only 5 dozen people who suffered from this disease, after therapy, some regained their former language, and most suffer from this disease for the rest of their lives.

3. Familial insomnia is actually a terrible disease that is transmitted with genes. A person begins to sleep less from year to year, until sleep disappears completely. A person begins to suffer from hallucinations and soon dies. In total, about 40 such families who suffer from this insomnia are known.

4. There is a disease in which people do not feel pain. It seems like a good thing - a life without suffering and pain, but in reality everything is quite the opposite, because pain is a signal of the danger of a person's vital activity. After all, without pain, a person simply does not notice burns, scratches, and sometimes more serious injuries, which in the future can lead to death. About 100 people suffer from this disease.

5. Hypertrichosis is a disease in which hair grows uncontrollably all over the human body, including on the face. 50 cases with this disease are known. Basically, this disease is genetic. In 2008, scientists discovered that when testosterone is injected, it freezes the growth of body hair, which can become an ideal medicine for such patients.

6. There is a disease in which a person cannot determine the size of an object - small ones seem gigantic, and huge ones - tiny. Such a disease is called Alice in Wonderland syndrome. It occurs when taking hallucinogens or with tumors.

7. A very unusual and rather complex disease is Moebius syndrome - with it, a person cannot control his facial muscles at all: he cannot smile, cry, laugh, etc. There are very few people on Earth who suffer from this syndrome.

8. There is a disease that helps a person in one way or another - it is synesthesia, a person suffering from this disease can see sounds, feel objects of art. This disease "suffers" from people who have lost hearing or sight, or creative personalities: musicians, artists, sculptors.

9. Progeria is a disease in which a person's skin and internal organs age prematurely. The main forms are Hutchinson (Hutchinson)-Gilford syndrome in children and Werner syndrome in adults.

10. British citizen Lancashire Mandy Sellars suffers from a disease in which her legs increase in size. This disease, according to doctors, cannot be cured, the only way out is amputation of the legs, because at the age of 33, her weight reaches 125 kg, of which the weight of the legs is 95 kg, which puts a strain on the heart and other organs.

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18/01/2023

Some rare and interesting facts

The famous German philosopher Karl Marx, who studied the basics of class struggle, never visited Russia, despite the fact that his teachings became the basis of the communist movement.
Contrary to popular belief, the saltiest body of water in the world is not the Dead Sea, but Lake Assaal in the African Republic of Djibouti. 400 grams of salt are dissolved in a liter of this lake, "only" 340 grams in the Dead lake. If you want to visit this wonderful place, do not forget to take a mask on your face (the air there smells disgusting) and strong shoes, so as not to scratch your feet on the salt crystals on the shores of the lake.
A person often yawns when he feels sleepy. In addition, she yawns when she is nervous, when she goes outside, or even just for no reason. For example, dogs also yawn from boredom, excitement or fatigue.
The Egyptian sphinx has an appearance defect - it has an almost completely missing nose. At one time, it was believed that it was the work of hands, rather Napoleon's guns, but this version has no confirmation. At the moment, erosion and other natural phenomena are considered the main reason for the monument's missing nose.
Milk is harmful to most cats. It is unusual, but the fact is that when an adult cat consumes milk, it develops stomach upset and flatulence. It is much more useful to give your pet clean water instead of milk.
In the first Olympic Games, in addition to sports competitions, there were also intellectual games. Later, this tradition was tried to be restored in 1912, when architecture, painting, sculpture, music and literature were added to the traditional sports. Amazingly, these types of "sports" were present in Olympic competitions until 1948, then they were canceled due to the participation of professional artists/musicians/sculptors.
We think you've heard that the largest airship in history, the Hindenburg, crashed because it was filled with hydrogen. If you look at the photo and read a couple of articles in the yellow press, you might think that all the passengers and crew members died, but this is not the case. Of the 132 passengers, 35 people died, and the remaining 97 successfully escaped.
The first person to cross the Atlantic without landing was not Charles Lindbergh in 1927, but two British pilots - John Alcock and Arthur Brown, who made the flight in 1919, that is, 8 years before Lindbergh. In fact, by the time Lindbergh made his famous flight, at least 81 people had made the trip.
There is another popular misconception that elephants come to die in special elephant cemeteries located in secret places in the jungle. This opinion appeared due to the fact that the remains of elephants are often found in large numbers in a limited area. Scientists who studied the behavior of these animals determined that old elephants often go to the jungle, closer to water sources, as they do not have enough strength to make transitions to watering holes. They eventually die there, which eventually leads to an accumulation of elephant skeletons.

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18/01/2023

15 American words that have no equivalent in any language

Moving from state to state in America, sometimes tourists are surprised by how the language changes, depending on the area in which they find themselves. Actually, this, of course, happens in all countries that consist of at least several provinces or regions. And it's not slang - it's part of the language they're used to. In America, a five-volume "Dictionary of American Regional English" was even published. We decided to choose a few words that you, if you wish, can now use in everyday communication with English-speaking friends.

Whoopensocker - when something is both "amazing" and "unusual" and "unique", but even these words are not enough to express your admiration, then call it whoopensocker - everything is extraordinary and extremely beautiful - from a kiss to a dance move.

Snirt - we can say that this word is just for Ukrainians, because it literally means: wind with snow and dirt, mixed together and preventing you from living. If you want to completely diversify the language, turn the noun into an adjective: "Something snirty again today."

Wapatuli - this drink is familiar to all students and alcoholics, because wapatuli is a hellish mixture of everything strong that was at hand - vodka, whiskey, schnapps, slightly diluted with something not very strong - say, white wine or sprite. Kills from half a glass.

Jabble is what usually happens in the average woman's purse. Or when you stand in front of the door of your own house and have been rummaging in your bag for 15 minutes because you can't find your keys. This is because everything you carry with you is usually turned upside down, mixed up, and in general, in a complete mess, although you definitely remembered that you put everything relatively neatly.

Snoopy is an interesting word that describes someone who is very picky and picky, especially about food.

Faunch - literally means "talking to the TV", expressing your emotions, delight or anger, turning to the box, which is followed by a program that deeply affected or inspired you. By the way, "telling" connoisseurs a word they don't know is also faunch.

Chinchy isn't "stingy" or "thrifty" or even "convenient." It's the best adjective to describe, say, your friend who is happy to buy you beer but will never skimp on gas, even if you're traveling with him. over long distances.

Larruping – sometimes we eat something that cannot be described in one word, because it is both "divine", and "wonderful", and "finger-licking" and "tongue-inducing" at the same time. And here - everything in one word, which expresses a lot of emotions in relation to food. Most often used in the phrase "larruping good".

Bufflehead is not a fool or an idiot, but something much more. D*bil is also an understatement. A person whose brains have turned into foam. That is, she walks, does not drool, but says and does such things that you wonder why he has not been taken to a shelter for children with Down syndrome.

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18/01/2023

Forbes list: the world's most valuable companies in 2015 and 2016

"Forbes" is today the most adequate and comprehensive evaluator of various ratings in the world of business. All facts are based on relentless and clear statistics. It is worth paying attention to the forecasts of a well-known economic publication, as well as wondering who is currently in the top 10 among world leaders in production and advertising.

The magazine takes into account the following criteria when it comes to companies or a well-known brand:

profit;
receipts;
the amount of actual assets;
capitalization.
The most fashionable and expensive companies, receiving a weekly assessment from professionals working for the publication, can count on objective statistics and increase their popularity with each sold issue. We will find out who is leading this year in a couple of lines.

World business monsters
Apple topped the top ten most profitable companies in 2015. Today, this "apple" is unaffordable, as it is twice as expensive as any well-known business. These are the most successful sales, expensive devices and smartphones that brought multi-million profits to their owners in 2014. Having overtaken the world's best hi-tech companies such as Samsung and Microsoft by all four criteria, Apple firmly took the place of the undisputed leader according to Forbes magazine.

Microsoft and Google continued the top three. As you can see, the time of high technologies and computer programs continues. It became known that this summer the computer giant released a new version of Windows, and the specified search engine remained the leader, as its share is almost 65 percent of all queries on the American network.

8 more applicants were distinguished, today these are the most expensive and profitable companies from around the world:

"Coca Cola";
"Toyota";
"Samsung";
"McDonald's";
"General Electric";
"Facebook".
It is natural that employees and top managers evaluate to their own taste what the dream company should look like. Personal criteria influence the choice, but as we have already seen, there are real business monsters in which almost everyone dreams of working. Let's just remind that these are managed by those who at one time decided to work exclusively for themselves, but for others. They are the winners who won the race, acquired fame, recognition, popularity and finances. But first of all, they are people who are passionate about an idea!

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09/01/2023

What is the youngest language in the world

Languages evolve over time just like our humanity and took centuries to become what they are today. But in the modern world, new languages are often formed under the influence of society. We are already familiar with many of the world's dominant languages, but now it's time to talk about less popular ones.

The environment can shape the original language
Our environment sometimes promotes the development of a new language. This usually happens in two cases. The first is when a deaf child grows up in a society where everyone else can hear. In a similar situation, sign language is formed between family members. They may not yet be as stable and complex as the "old" languages we know well, but one day they may become so. For example, in the 1980s, the Nicaraguan sign language was formed, with the help of which thousands of people communicate even now. And in Israel, in the Negev region, the Bedouin sign language was born, which is not even a century old, but it is already actively used by both deaf and hearing people.

The second situation is created by twins, twins or brothers and sisters close in age. With constant interaction with each other, they often develop their own, independent language. But unlike sign language, it does not develop beyond the language environment of its family, so it will not be able to be realized.

Other "new" languages
There is another group of young languages, such as Esperanto, Lingala and Afrikaans. Although the division into "new" and "old" is quite conditional, since languages are constantly changing and it is quite difficult to determine the moment of their origin.

So, Esperanto is the most widespread artificial language, which was created in 1887. It was created by physician and linguist Ludwik Zamenhof as an easy to learn and politically neutral language. It is most widely spoken in Europe, East Asia and South America, although Esperanto is not an official language in any country.

Lingala was not even a language until the 19th century, it served as a bridge language for military personnel of the local armed forces, otherwise they would have to speak different languages and dialects. And finally, Afrikaans, a mixture of Dutch, German, English and other languages, is one of the official languages of South Africa, and it appeared as early as the 18th century.

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09/01/2023

What was Cinderella's real name, and why is this fairy tale everywhere from China to Europe

We all remember the fairy tale about Cinderella and her meeting with the prince. The story of a poor girl who was abused for many years, and then she turned into a princess, has long become a textbook. Most often, the book with this fairy tale is on our shelves, written by the Frenchman Charles Perrault, it was she who became the inspiration for the Disney cartoon. Charles Perrault is far from the only one who told this tale, and Cinderella also has a real name. More precisely, there are several of them, let's find out together how it turned out.

What was Cinderella's name?
The most famous fairy tales about Cinderella came down to us in two variations: Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm. In both fairy tales, the heroine does not have a name, but only a nickname: the girl was nicknamed Cinderella because she slept by the fireplace to keep warm, and therefore was constantly covered in ashes. The other heroes of the fairy tales of Charles Perrault and the Brothers Grimm have no names at all, but only their father, stepmother and sisters. And although the famous storytellers did not leave the name of the heroine, the creators of the cartoon tried. If you look at the English version of the name, it sounds like Cinderella, and it is formed from the word cinder (ash) and the name Ella.

However, "Cinderella" is a so-called wandering story that is found in different cultures. The earliest history can be found in ancient Egypt. The Egyptians had a tale about the unfortunate slave girl Rhodopis. She lost her dainty little sandal, which ended up in Pharaoh's hands, and he was completely charmed. As a result, Rhodopis married the pharaoh, because he made every effort to find a mistress of the shoe. However, everything just started with Rodopis, Cinderella has other names.

Thousands of variations of the tale
In fact, there are hundreds of Cinderella stories, the Brothers Grimm and Charles Perrault only wrote down one version. This is one of the most popular stories of folk folklore, which goes back centuries. There is a similar tale in Italy - about the girl Cezzola, in China about Ye Xian, there is an Iranian version of Cinderella. All of them have approximately the same story: unfortunate girls were oppressed by foster parents or step-relatives, they ended up at a ball or celebration, where a prince, sultan or king fell in love with them. For some reason, they were forced to run and dropped their shoe in a hurry. And thanks to this loss, the prince or sultan managed to find his chosen one, after which they lived happily ever after.

All fairy tales have magic, that's why it's a fairy tale. In Charles Perrault's canonical version, and the most common one, the assistant turns out to be a sorceress. But Ye Xian goes to a masquerade in honor of the New Year, and the Chinese Cinderella is helped by a fish, which has been inhabited by the spirit of the main character's mother. By the way, the idea of a tiny shoe that did not fit anyone is very Chinese: think of the tradition of lotus feet, it has existed in China for centuries.

Cinderella from Iran has a magical cow as her helpers, and in Brothers Grimm, Cinderella is helped by a magical tree.

But the most interesting thing is that not only assistants change, but also a kind of firmness from people to people. Yes, if you remember the Brothers Grimm, Cinderella's sisters cut off their fingers to fit into the shoe. There are other bloodthirsty versions of fairy tales: Cinderella actually took the life of her mother so that her father could marry a more profitable passion.

So why has this story stuck in different cultures? The fact is that he raises questions relevant for all times and peoples about the devaluation of work, the humiliation of some sections of society, and what a difficult fate can await adopted children. And of course, the eternal questions of human cruelty and injustice, as well as the fact that virtue, honesty and kindness will necessarily be rewarded. As folk wisdom says: a fairy tale is a lie, but there is a hint in it, and this wisdom has been passed down for centuries.

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09/01/2023