Okkolous

Name: Okkolous
Address: luzana 6, Kyiv, UA
Telephone: +380213999746

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In its original understanding, the Greek term "cosmos" (order, world order) had a philosophical basis, defining a hypothetical closed vacuum around the Earth — the center of the Universe.

01/05/2022

History of discovery and research
Observations of the gas giant have been carried out since ancient times. The Sumerians called the planet "white star". Astronomers of ancient China described in detail the movement of the planet, and the Incas observed the satellites, calling it a "barn". The Romans named the planet after the supreme deity and the father of all ancient Roman gods.

I first saw the planet through the Galileo Galilei telescope. He also discovered the 4 largest moons of Jupiter. Observations of the planet and its moons also helped medieval astronomers calculate the approximate speed of light.

The gas giant was actively studied in the XX century after the appearance of interplanetary stations and space telescopes. It is noteworthy that all spacecraft launched to it belong to NASA. The first high-resolution images of the planet were taken by the Voyager series interplanetary vehicles. The first orbiting satellite, the Galileo spacecraft, helped to establish the composition of the Jovian atmosphere and the dynamics of processes inside it, as well as to obtain new information about the natural satellites of the gas giant. The Juno interplanetary station, launched in 2011, is studying the poles of Jupiter. In the near future, it is planned to launch American-European and Russian-European interplanetary missions to study the fifth planet from the Sun and its numerous satellites.

24/04/2022

Pluto is a dwarf planet of the Solar system: discover, name, scale, mass, orbit, composition, atmosphere, satellites, which planet Pluto is being explored, photo. Pluto is the ninth or second planet of the Solar System that has passed into the dwarf race. B 19z0 Clyde Tomb produced the revelations of Pluto, which became the 9th planet for the whole century. Ho V 2006, the ego was transferred to the family of dwarf planets, then that a plural of suitable objects was found for the devil Neptune. But this is not a stylish ego of value, because now it is in the first place in terms of the size of the environment of dwarf planets in our system. In 2015, the New Horizons spacecraft reached Nemo, and we received not only approximate photos of Pluto, but also a lot of useful information. Let's take a look at interesting facts about the planet Pluto for the child and the released.

20/04/2022

Black holes in the Universe
The existence of black holes was confirmed relatively recently (September 2015), but until that time there was already considerable theoretical material on the nature of black holes, as well as many candidate objects for the role of a black hole. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the size of the BH, since the nature of the phenomenon itself depends on them:

A stellar-mass black hole. Such objects are formed as a result of the collapse of a star. As mentioned earlier, the minimum mass of a body capable of forming such a black hole is 2.5 – 3 solar masses.
Medium-mass black holes. A conditional intermediate type of black holes that have increased due to the absorption of nearby objects, such as a cluster of gas, a neighboring star (in two-star systems) and other cosmic bodies.
A supermassive black hole. Compact objects with 105-1010 solar masses. The distinctive properties of such BH are paradoxically low density, as well as weak tidal forces, which were mentioned earlier. It is such a supermassive black hole in the center of our Milky Way galaxy (Sagittarius A*, Sgr A*), as well as most other galaxies.

16/04/2022

General information about Saturn
Saturn is the sixth planet by distance from the Sun (the sixth planet of the Solar System).

Saturn belongs to the gas giants and is named after the ancient Roman god of agriculture.

Saturn has been known to people since ancient times.

Saturn's neighbors are Jupiter and Uranus. Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune live in the outer region of the Solar System.

It is believed that in the center of the gas giant there is a massive core of solid and heavy materials (silicates, metals) and water ice.

Saturn's magnetic field is created due to the dynamo effect during the circulation of metallic hydrogen in the outer core and is almost dipole with north and south magnetic poles.

Saturn has the most pronounced system of planetary rings in the Solar System.

Saturn currently has 82 natural satellites.

Saturn's Orbit
The average distance from Saturn to the Sun is 1,430 million kilometers (9.58 astronomical units).

Perihelion (the closest point of the orbit to the Sun): 1353.573 million kilometers (9.048 astronomical units).

Aphelion (the farthest point of the orbit from the Sun): 1513,326 million kilometers (10,116 astronomical units).

The average speed of Saturn's orbit is about 9.69 kilometers per second.

The planet makes one revolution around the Sun in 29.46 Earth years.

A year on the planet is 378.09 Saturnian days.

The distance from Saturn to Earth varies from 1195 to 1660 million kilometers.

The direction of rotation of Saturn corresponds to the direction of rotation of all (except Venus and Uranus) planets of the Solar system.

15/04/2022

One universe or many?
What does the universe look like at very large distances, in areas inaccessible to observation? And is there a limit to how far we can look? Our cosmic horizon is determined by the distance to the most distant objects whose light has managed to come to us in 14 billion years since the Big Bang. Due to the accelerated expansion of the universe, these objects are now 40 billion light-years away. Light has not yet reached us from more distant objects. So what is there, beyond the horizon? Until recently, physicists gave a very simple answer to this question: everything is the same there — the same galaxies, the same stars. But modern advances in cosmology and elementary particle physics have allowed us to revise these ideas. In the new picture of the world, remote regions of the universe are strikingly different from what we see around us, and may even obey different laws of physics.

The new ideas are based on the theory of cosmic inflation. Let's try to clarify its essence. Let's start with a brief overview of the standard Big Bang cosmology, which was the dominant theory before the discovery of inflation.

According to the Big Bang theory, the universe began with a colossal catastrophe that broke out about 14 billion years ago. The Big Bang did not happen in any particular place in the universe, but everywhere at once. At that time there were no stars, galaxies, or even atoms, and the universe was filled with a very hot dense and rapidly expanding clot of matter and radiation. As it grew in size, it cooled down. About three minutes after the Big Bang, the temperature dropped enough to form atomic nuclei, and after half a million years, electrons and nuclei combined into electrically neutral atoms and the universe became transparent to light. This allows us today to register the light emitted by the fiery clot. It comes from all directions in the sky and is called cosmic background radiation.

Initially, the fireball was almost perfectly homogeneous. But there were still tiny inhomogeneities in it: in some areas the density was slightly higher than in others. These inhomogeneities grew, pulling more and more matter from the surrounding space with their gravity, and over billions of years turned into galaxies. And only very recently, by cosmic standards, we humans appeared on the scene.

12/04/2022

"Vanguard" is a word that first migrated from military affairs to politics. The French Revolution of the late XVIII century led to changes in the thinking and vocabulary of citizens, thanks to which any innovative phenomena and advanced ideas began to be called avant-garde.

Moreover, since that time the word has been used as a revolutionary metaphor, and since 1794, when it entered the name of the Jacobin magazine, the term has practically lost its purely military connotation and has been used in a purely political sense.

At that time, there were many representatives of the creative intelligentsia among the citizens who were attuned to social change: artists, poets, playwrights. Continuing to do their job, they began to enrich the cultural sphere with revolutionary approaches. This was reflected both in the choice of a theme for the next work, and in the form of self-expression.

Then the word "avant-garde", inevitably following social and political changes, migrated to art. This happened thanks to Theodore Duret, an authoritative French publicist and art historian, who in 1885 published a series of critical articles aimed at supporting Impressionist artists. The cycle was called "Criticism of the avant-garde".

At the end of the XIX century, traditional art was branded as conservative and utilitarian. It was called "art for art's sake" because it "served the interests of corrupt authorities." It is not surprising that at the turn of the XIX – XX centuries, artists expressed their political manifesto in a rather unexpected way.

11/04/2022

What is the geometry of the universe? It is easiest to imagine an infinite eternal space in which Euclid's axioms work — this is how the Universe was imagined until the third decade of the twentieth century. But this is not necessarily the case. Imagine a two—dimensional space - it's easy. For example, an infinite plane, where Euclid's axioms also hold. It will be a two-dimensional analog of an infinite Euclidean three-dimensional space. But you can easily imagine another option — the sphere. This is a closed finite space where parallel lines intersect, and the sum of the angles of the triangle is greater than 180°. Such a space is called Riemannian, its curvature is positive.

Let's imagine that this sphere is the whole world, the universe with a small letter. Light propagates along the sphere — along geodesic lines, i.e. along the shortest distance between points. There are two-dimensional material objects on the sphere, and even intelligent beings created from them. This universe has no edges, but it is finite — space is closed. If the universe is stationary, i.e. its size and shape does not change with time, then you can travel around the world in it — go in a straight line and return from the other side. In this case, bright objects can be seen from two opposite sides, just as a shock wave from a powerful explosion comes twice, circling the globe in opposite directions.

09/04/2022

Advantages of the Forex financial market
In terms of the number of advantages, the Forex market is far ahead of bank deposits, gaining more and more supporters:

Round-the-clock work. This market is international and participants from all over the world are involved in it: ordinary traders, large financial organizations and banks. When it is night in some countries, in others the active time of the day and trading platforms operate in working mode.
High liquidity. There is constant trading activity on the market and the market turnover is about $ 10 trillion per day.
Leverage. A user in trading can use funds tens or even hundreds of times higher than his personal, but risks only his deposit.
The opportunity to invest. If the user does not plan to trade, he can entrust the money to the management of an experienced trader, in a pamm account. The profitability of such accounts can reach up to several hundred percent per year – it all depends on the trader's trading strategy. But it's worth remembering that the more profitable the account, the riskier it is.
Automatic trading. Users who are proficient in programming can create programs that perform routine actions in trading. But do not hope that a robot will completely replace a person in this regard. He can replace, but his work still needs to be monitored.
The opportunity to earn good money. Forex is a highly profitable market and with the right skill and experience, you can have a steady income. It is possible to earn money on the forex market, but it is worth remembering that this market also has a high level of risks.

07/04/2022

When astronauts go into space, they take cameras with them to save the most impressive moments of the missions. Therefore, the Internet is full of pictures from the International Space Station and even from outer space. In 1966, a few years before sending people to the moon, astronaut Buzz Aldrin even took the first ever selfie in space. It would seem that people are no longer surprised by anything, but recently German photographer Sebastian Voltmeter (Sebastian Wolter) was able to do it. He directed a conventional ground-based telescope towards the space station located at an altitude of about 400 meters and photographed two astronauts in outer space

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