09/22/2025
Why should we hunt white-tailed deer?
There are both biological and management reasons why we hunt deer each fall. White-tailed deer are a prey species. Their reproductive strategy is set to cope with a high mortality rate and short lifespan. In many areas, wildlife has been displaced by human occupancy and land use. Due to the diversity of habitats, these areas also tend to produce more deer, often called the "edge effect."
In a stable deer population, annual production must be matched by annual mortality. The herd grows if the mortality level is lower than the production level. As a deer herd approaches biological carrying capacity (how many animals the land can support during the period of poorest food availability), it starts compensating.
Deer herds near or at biological carrying capacity can show reduced fawn survival. This occurs because the body weight of adult does starts declining due to competition for limited food with other deer.
Lower maternal body weight translates to lower birth weight in fawns, which can lead to lower survival rates. Low birth weight fawns that survive usually carry this signature throughout their lives, as their bodies are programmed not to attain maximum size, which requires higher caloric intake.
This larger-than-normal deer population over-browsing their preferred food sources presents challenges for future herd resiliency. Eating our preferred vegetation (crops and ornamentals) can also increase conflicts with humans and cause more accidents on roadways.
Hunting, as a form of predation, can shift eminent annual deer mortality to something that benefits both deer and people, by reducing other mortality factors like disease, starvation and vehicle strikes, while also ensuring that the remaining deer on the landscape can fulfill their ecological role in the best physical condition possible.
View the latest deer population trends in Wisconsin: https://apps.dnr.wi.gov/deermetrics/DeerStats.aspx?R=2
Photo Credit: Bob Haase