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Crazy Horse, of the Oglala Lakota tribe, played an integral role in the Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s...
08/25/2026

Crazy Horse, of the Oglala Lakota tribe, played an integral role in the Battle of Little Bighorn, also known as Custer’s Last Stand. His likeness is now carved into a Black Hills mountain at The Crazy Horse Memorial. The famous leader resisted having his photograph taken, often responding to picture requests with “would you imprison my shadow too?” The memorial sculptor created his likeness based on descriptions from those who knew him. The grand visage, cut into granite, intends to honor the Native American values that Crazy Horse fought for and defended.

Snow covered the ground around Spotted Elk as he lay motionless beneath the freezing sky after one of the darkest moment...
08/25/2026

Snow covered the ground around Spotted Elk as he lay motionless beneath the freezing sky after one of the darkest moments in American frontier history. Known to many as Big Foot, the respected Miniconjou Lakota leader was traveling with his people during the winter of 1890, hoping to avoid violence as tensions across the Plains continued to grow. Sick with pneumonia and weakened from the journey, Spotted Elk guided his community toward Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota, believing they might finally reach safety. Instead, hundreds of Lakota men, women, and children found themselves surrounded by U.S. Army soldiers in the bitter cold.
What followed became one of the most painful tragedies of the American West. During an attempted disarmament inside the camp, confusion and panic suddenly erupted. Gunfire spread rapidly across the snow-covered ground as families tried desperately to flee the chaos. When the shooting finally stopped, the frozen landscape was filled with the bodies of Lakota people, many of whom carried no threat at all. Among them remained Spotted Elk, still wrapped in blankets against the cold, lying where he fell beneath the winter snow. Photographs taken afterward captured the devastating aftermath and would later become some of the most haunting images connected to the closing years of the frontier era.
But the story of Wounded Knee never disappeared quietly into history. For generations, it became a symbol of loss, broken promises, and the suffering experienced by Native communities during westward expansion across America. Spotted Elk himself is remembered not as a man seeking conflict, but as a leader trying to protect his people during a time when survival had become uncertain. And maybe that is why the image still feels so heavy today — because beneath the snow at Wounded Knee rested not only a respected chief, but the fading hope of an entire way of life slipping away before the modern world arrived
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The Cheyenne people are Plains Algonquian speakers whose ancestors lived in the Great Lakes region of North America. The...
08/25/2026

The Cheyenne people are Plains Algonquian speakers whose ancestors lived in the Great Lakes region of North America. They began moving westward in the 16th or 17th century. In 1680, they met the French explorer René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (1643–1687) on the Illinois River, south of what would become the city of Peoria. Their name, "Cheyenne," is a Sioux word, "Shaiena," which roughly means "people who speak in a strange tongue." In their own language, they are Tsétsêhéstaestse, sometimes spelled Tsistsistas, meaning "the people."

Oral history, as well as archaeological evidence, suggests that they moved into southwest Minnesota and the eastern Dakotas, where they planted corn and built permanent villages. Possible sites have been identified along the Missouri River, and they certainly lived at the Biesterfeldt site on the Sheyenne River in eastern North Dakota between 1724 and 1780. An outlier report is that of a Spanish official in Santa Fe, who as early as 1695 reported seeing a small group of "Chiyennes."

Around 1760, while living in the Black Hills region of South Dakota, they met the Só'taeo'o ("People Left Behind," also spelled Suhtaios or Suhtais), who spoke a similar Algonquian language, and the Cheyenne decided to align with them, eventually growing and expanding their territory.

History of the Jingle Dress DanceThe Jingle Dress Dance began with the Mille Lacs Band of the Ojibwe Tribe in the early ...
08/24/2026

History of the Jingle Dress Dance
The Jingle Dress Dance began with the Mille Lacs Band of the Ojibwe Tribe in the early 1900s and became prevalent in the 1920s in Wisconsin and Minnesota (Great Lakes region) in the US and in Ontario, Canada.
The story is that the dress was first seen in a dream. A medicine man’s granddaughter grew sick, and as the man slept his Indian spirit guides came to him and told him to make a Jingle Dress for the little girl. They said if the child danced in it, the dress would heal her. The Jingle Dress was made, and the tribe came together to watch the child dance. At first, the child was too sick to dance alone so her tribe carried her, but after some time, the little girl was able to dance alone, cured of her sickness.
The dance has since been not only a ritual of healing but also one of pride.
What Do Jingle Dresses Look Like?
Jingle Dresses, also known as Prayer Dresses, are believed to bring healing to those who are sick. As mentioned above, the dance gets its name from the rows of ziibaaska’iganan (metal cones) sewed to the dress. These cones are traditionally made from rolled s***f can lids and hung from the dress with ribbon close to one another, so they make a melodic sound as the girls and women dance. Traditionally, the dress is adorned with 365 visible jingles, or cones. Nowadays, these cones are often machine-made.
The dresses come in every color imaginable, from yellow to bright blue, to deep red, and accented with sparkles and even neon-colored fabrics. They are often made with shiny and sparkly materials and decorated with fringes, embroidery, beading, and more.
They usually have three-quarter length to full-length sleeves and come down to mid-calf or the ankle. They are secured at the waist with a thick belt, often made of brown leather. On their feet, the dancer wears decorative moccasins embellished with the same kind of detail found on their dresses.
What are the steps for the Jingle Dance?
As the ziibaaska’iganan hit one another it sounds like rain falling, so it’s important for the dancer to be light on their feet, to move in time with the drum and stop when the beat stops. They keep their foot movements low to the ground while dancing, kicking their heels and bouncing on their toes to the music. Typically, this dance is done in a zigzag pattern, said to represent one’s journey through life—or so the story goes. Often, they keep their hands on their hips, and if they are dancing with a feathered fan (full of neutral colors, like eagle feathers) as the more modern Jingle Dress Dancers do, they will raise it into the air as they dance to receive healing.
The traditional Indian dance involves low, soft-footed steps, as could be performed by those who were sick, while the modern competitive dancers push the boundaries some as they try to out-dance their competitors. The manner in which the dance has evolved has built firmly on its origin story.
What are the songs and music for Jingle Dance?
The music for this style of dancing has a foundation of a solid drumbeat, and of course, the metal cones make a loud jingling (hence the name) as the women move, which contributes to the music you’ll hear at a Jingle Dress Dance. Jingle Dancers will usually dance to Northern drum groups. Special songs for Jingle Dance include a Side Step or Crow Hop!

Pueblo Bonito, the largest great house at Chaco Canyon, contained over six hundred rooms and stood four stories tall in ...
08/24/2026

Pueblo Bonito, the largest great house at Chaco Canyon, contained over six hundred rooms and stood four stories tall in places, built by ancestral Puebloan people around 850 CE using precise stone masonry techniques and deliberate solar and lunar alignments that modern archaeoastronomers are still fully mapping today.
Chaco Canyon functioned as a major regional center, connected to dozens of outlying communities through a network of engineered roads that ran arrow straight across the landscape for many miles, some crossing terrain that made no practical sense unless the roads carried ceremonial or symbolic significance beyond simple transportation. The scale of coordinated labor, astronomical knowledge, and long distance planning required to build and connect this network places Chaco Canyon among the most sophisticated pre industrial engineering achievements anywhere in the world.
An entire regional network of cities and roads, built with this level of precision, existed here centuries before most of what gets taught as early American history even begins. What is a piece of pre contact history that changed how you think about early American civilization?
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Floyd " Red Crow " Westerman, musician, actor and activist native of South Dakota.We were told we would see America come...
08/24/2026

Floyd " Red Crow " Westerman, musician, actor and activist native of South Dakota.
We were told we would see America come and go. In a sense, America dies from the inside out, because they have forgotten the instructions to live on Mother Earth. This is the Hopi creed, it is our creed, that if you are not spiritually connected to the Earth, and you don't understand the spiritual reality of life on Earth, chances are you are not going to make it.
Everything is spiritual, everything has one
Spirit.
We are here on Earth only a few winters, then we go to the spirit world. The spirit world is more real than most of us realize.
The spirit world is everything. Most of our body is water. To stay healthy you need to drink pure water. Water is sacred, air is sacred. Our DNA is made from the same DNA as the tree, the tree breathes what we breathe out, we need what the tree expires. So we have a common fate with the tree. We are all of the Earth, and when the Earth and its water and atmosphere are corrupted, then the Earth will create her reaction. The Mother reacts.
In the Hopi prophecy it says that storms and floods will get bigger.
For me it is not negative to know that there will be big changes. It's not negative, it's evolution. When you look at it as an Evolution, you know it's time, nothing stays the same. You should learn to plant something. This is the first connection. You should look at all things as Spirit, realize that we are family. It never ends. Everything is life and there is no end to life!

John Fire Lame Deer, Sioux Lakota - 1903-1976
08/23/2026

John Fire Lame Deer, Sioux Lakota - 1903-1976

Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota looks like quiet, empty prairie today, marked only by a modest stone monument on a hi...
08/23/2026

Wounded Knee Creek in South Dakota looks like quiet, empty prairie today, marked only by a modest stone monument on a hill overlooking the ravine below. On December 29, 1890, it was the site of a massacre in which U.S. troops killed an estimated 250 to 300 Lakota men, women, and children following the confiscation of weapons from a band that had already surrendered.
The site remains under private ownership in parts, and Lakota advocacy groups have worked for decades toward efforts to formally protect the land and ensure its accurate historical interpretation, a process complicated by land ownership disputes that continue into the present day. The site is still visited regularly by descendants and community members, some traveling significant distances each year specifically to honor those who died there, keeping the memory of the site active rather than allowing it to fade into an unmarked field.
Some of the most significant history in this country is held on land that still isn't fully protected or formally recognized the way it deserves to be. What does it mean to you when a site this significant remains unresolved, even today?
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Fell in love with the raw, free-spirited vibe of Native American-inspired designs, so I put together this tee. Crisp 2D print that won't fade or crack.
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If you're into a style that stands out from the crowd, this one's for you 🤎
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08/23/2026

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Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer is a 1931 book by Thomas Bailey Marquis about the life of a Northern Cheyenne In...
08/23/2026

Wooden Leg: A Warrior Who Fought Custer is a 1931 book by Thomas Bailey Marquis about the life of a Northern Cheyenne Indian, Wooden Leg, who fought in several historic battles between United States forces and the Plains Indians, including the Battle of the Little Bighorn, where he faced the troops of George Armstrong Custer. The book is of great value to historians, not only for its eyewitness accounts of battles, but also for its detailed description of the way of life of 19th-century Plains Indians.
The book was dictated to Marquis by Wooden Leg in Plains Indian Sign Language, their only common language. Marquis gathered the stories for the book from Wooden Leg and others while he was physician at the agency in Montana from 1922. They were reluctant to open up to him at first, but eventually Marquis gained their trust.
Wooden Leg lived through some of the most turbulent times in Cheyenne history, but the book begins with his childhood and descriptions of Cheyenne customs. These include tribal organisation, the warrior societies, sport, religion and mythology, their friendship and cooperation with the Sioux, arrow recognition, warbonnet entitlement, and much more. Wooden Leg was introduced to warfare at a very young age via conflict with the Crow and joined the Elk warrior society at age 14.
The book describes Wooden Leg's participation in the important battles of the war of 1876–1877, when the Cheyenne, Sioux, and other plains tribes fought the United States. These included not only the Little Big Horn, but the preceding Battle of the Rosebud and the succeeding Dull Knife Fight. Following the Cheyenne surrender, the tribe was deported to Oklahoma, but eventually Wooden Leg was allowed to return. At Fort Keogh he worked as a scout for the army and was later appointed a judge at the Tongue River Indian Reservation. Wooden Leg describes in detail how he befriended the old chief Little Wolf towards the end of the latter's life. Little Wolf had been a great war leader but was now ostracised for having killed another Cheyenne while drunk.
Wooden Leg's description of the Battle of the Little Bighorn caused controversy when the book was first published, particularly his claim that many of the US soldiers committed su***de. This claim is still discussed by scholars and has been investigated by archeologists, but no firm conclusions have been reached.
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Fell in love with the raw, free-spirited vibe of Native American-inspired designs, so I put together this tee. Crisp 2D print that won't fade or crack.
Soft, breathable cotton — comfy all day, pairs easily with jeans or khakis.
If you're into a style that stands out from the crowd, this one's for you 🤎
Tap the link to grab yours! 👉 https://www.facebook.com/share/p/18N7s7MKZH/

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