12/05/2025
A large study led by researchers at the University of Valencia, published in late 2023 and summarized by Axios, found that print reading is more strongly associated with reading comprehension than digital reading, based on data from more than 450,000 participants.
In 2024, a meta-analysis of dozens of studies found that students consistently scored higher on comprehension tests when reading on paper compared to screens, a pattern often described as the “screen inferiority effect.” According to the study, screens can affect the amount of time we spend with content, as well as physical factors like eye strain, and built-in distractions such as notifications or pop-ups. All of which can contribute to a lack of focus or comprehension.
Educators are reembracing print, recognizing paper’s proven cognitive and learning advantages alongside thoughtful tech use.