05/29/2026
In 1518, hundreds of people in Strasbourg danced nonstop for weeks until they collapsed. And no one knows why.
It started in July with one woman, Frau Troffea. She stepped into the street and began dancing. No music. Just dancing. She kept going for days. She wouldn’t stop.
Within a week, 34 people had joined her. By the end of the month, around 400 people were dancing in the streets, day and night.
Contemporary chronicles say they danced until their feet bled. Some had heart attacks. Some died of exhaustion and dehydration. The city was in panic.
City officials thought the cure was more dancing. They hired musicians and built a stage, thinking people needed to dance it out. It made it worse.
They then banned music and took dancers to a shrine to pray for forgiveness, thinking it was a curse from St Vitus.
After weeks, it slowly stopped as mysteriously as it started.
Historians still argue about the cause.
Theory 1: Mass psychogenic illness. Strasbourg was suffering famine, disease, and extreme stress. Fear of St Vitus, the patron saint of dancers, was widespread. Stress can trigger mass hysteria.
Theory 2: Ergot poisoning. Ergot is a mold that grows on damp rye bread. It contains chemicals similar to L*D. It can cause hallucinations, convulsions, and manic dancing. The region had a wet summer.
Theory 3: Religious ecstasy or a choreographed cult. Less accepted.
This wasn’t the only one. Dancing plagues happened in Europe between the 1300s and 1500s, but 1518 is the best documented.
Imagine walking to market and seeing your neighbors dancing with blank eyes, unable to stop, while musicians play frantically trying to help.